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ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers
1. How is the enzyme trypsin activated?
- A. By zymogen.
- B. By bile.
- C. By gastrin.
- D. By enterokinase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: By enterokinase. Trypsin is activated by enterokinase, an enzyme secreted by the small intestine. Enterokinase plays a crucial role in converting trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because trypsin is specifically activated by enterokinase, not by zymogen, bile, or gastrin.
2. What are the major sources of energy for the body?
- A. Proteins and fats.
- B. Carbohydrates and fats.
- C. Proteins and carbohydrates.
- D. Vitamins and minerals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.
3. What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?
- A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
- B. impair kidney function.
- C. increase weight loss.
- D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.
4. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:
- A. one slice of bread
- B. 2 cups of rice
- C. 3 cups of spaghetti
- D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal
Correct answer: A
Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.
5. Why are bacteria found in the colon important?
- A. synthesize important vitamins.
- B. complete the process of absorption.
- C. synthesize some minerals.
- D. finish the process of digestion.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bacteria found in the colon are important because they synthesize important vitamins, such as vitamin K. This aids in the body's overall health and functioning. Choice B is incorrect because absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the colon. Choice C is incorrect as the synthesis of minerals is not a primary function of colon bacteria. Choice D is incorrect as the digestion process mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine.
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