ATI LPN
PN Nutrition Assessment ATI
1. The body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements for human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction is known as:
- A. physiology.
- B. nutrition science.
- C. biochemistry.
- D. dietetics.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nutrition science. Nutrition science specifically focuses on studying the requirements and functions of nutrients in relation to human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction. Choice A, physiology, deals more with the functions of living organisms and their parts, not specifically related to nutrients. Choice C, biochemistry, focuses on the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, not specifically centered on nutritional requirements. Choice D, dietetics, involves the application of nutritional knowledge in planning and managing diets for individuals, but it is more focused on the practical aspect rather than the broader scientific study of nutritional requirements.
2. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus about foot care, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Soak your feet in hot water every day.
- B. Apply lotion between your toes.
- C. Inspect your feet daily.
- D. Use over-the-counter products to remove corns.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inspecting the feet daily is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to detect early signs of injury or infection promptly. This practice helps prevent serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of injury. Applying lotion between toes can cause moisture buildup, leading to fungal infections. Using over-the-counter products to remove corns can result in skin damage and should be done under healthcare provider supervision.
3. A nurse is assisting with an in-service about hepatitis A for a group of staff nurses. The nurse should include that hepatitis A is transmitted through which of the following methods?
- A. Airborne droplets
- B. Sexual contact
- C. Contact with contaminated surfaces
- D. Consumption of contaminated food
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Consumption of contaminated food. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Airborne droplets and sexual contact are not common modes of transmission for hepatitis A. While contact with contaminated surfaces can play a role in the spread of some infections, hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through this route.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with an NG tube who reports nausea and a decrease in gastric secretions. What is the nurse's next step?
- A. Administer an antiemetic
- B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- C. Increase the suction setting
- D. Replace the NG tube
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct next step for the nurse is to irrigate the NG tube with sterile water. This action helps relieve blockages that may be causing the symptoms of nausea and decreased gastric secretions. Administering an antiemetic (Choice A) may mask the underlying issue without addressing the possible blockage. Increasing the suction setting (Choice C) is not indicated without first addressing the potential blockage. Replacing the NG tube (Choice D) is also premature before attempting to clear any obstructions.
5. How should a healthcare provider respond to a patient experiencing a seizure?
- A. Protect the airway and monitor for post-ictal confusion
- B. Administer anticonvulsant medications
- C. Apply restraints to prevent injury
- D. Place the patient in a side-lying position
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a patient is experiencing a seizure, the immediate priority is to ensure their safety by placing them in a side-lying position. This helps prevent aspiration in case of vomiting and maintains an open airway. Administering anticonvulsant medications is not within the scope of a healthcare provider's immediate response during a seizure. Applying restraints can potentially harm the patient by restricting movement and causing injury. Monitoring for post-ictal confusion is important after the seizure has ended, but the primary concern during the seizure is ensuring the patient's safety.
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