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ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers
1. What role do the amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play?
- A. Forming neurotransmitters.
- B. Blocking excess protein breakdown.
- C. Increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
- D. Decreasing energy expenditure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.
2. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?
- A. Infants
- B. Teenagers
- C. Young adults
- D. Middle-aged adults
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.
3. Which of the following sugars tastes the sweetest?
- A. Glucose
- B. Sucrose
- C. Galactose
- D. Fructose
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Fructose is known to be the sweetest among naturally occurring sugars. While glucose, sucrose, and galactose also have sweet tastes, fructose is commonly perceived as the sweetest due to its higher level of sweetness. Glucose is a simple sugar found in many carbohydrates; sucrose is table sugar composed of glucose and fructose; galactose is a component of lactose found in dairy products. However, when comparing the sweetness levels of these sugars, fructose stands out as the sweetest.
4. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the:
- A. duodenum.
- B. stomach.
- C. pancreas.
- D. liver.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the duodenum, not the stomach, pancreas, or liver. It is released in response to the presence of food in the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in regulating digestive processes by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is the duodenum (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is not produced in the stomach, pancreas, or liver.
5. Which pathogenic bacterium is associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer?
- A. Lactobacillus.
- B. Bifidobacterium.
- C. H. pylori.
- D. E. coli.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is H. pylori. This bacterium is known to be associated with the development of peptic ulcers and an increased risk of gastric cancer. Lactobacillus (Choice A) and Bifidobacterium (Choice B) are probiotic bacteria that are beneficial to human health and not associated with causing these conditions. E. coli (Choice D) is a diverse group of bacteria, some of which can be pathogenic, but they are not primarily linked to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer like H. pylori.
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