in addition to protein nutrients that contribute to building and repair of tissue include
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PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from both animal and plant sources, not just from an animal source. Choice C is the correct characteristic of essential fatty acids. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids are not produced by the body.

3. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Eggs are considered a source of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body. The other options, cereal grains, beans, and nuts, do not provide all the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions to be classified as complete proteins.

4. At what pH does the digestion of protein by pepsin in the stomach require?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1.8 and 3.5. Pepsin, an enzyme involved in protein digestion, functions optimally in an acidic environment, specifically between pH 1.8 and 3.5. This low pH is necessary for pepsin to break down proteins effectively. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pepsin requires a highly acidic environment, ruling out the pH ranges listed in those options.

5. In which individual does negative nitrogen balance occur?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains. This imbalance is often seen in conditions like anorexia in older adults, where insufficient protein intake leads to muscle breakdown and negative nitrogen balance. Choices A, B, and C do not typically lead to negative nitrogen balance as seen in anorexia in older adults.

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