Nursing Elites

1. Which pathogenic bacterium is associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer?

• A. Lactobacillus.
• B. Bifidobacterium.
• C. H. pylori.
• D. E. coli.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is H. pylori. This bacterium is known to be associated with the development of peptic ulcers and an increased risk of gastric cancer. Lactobacillus (Choice A) and Bifidobacterium (Choice B) are probiotic bacteria that are beneficial to human health and not associated with causing these conditions. E. coli (Choice D) is a diverse group of bacteria, some of which can be pathogenic, but they are not primarily linked to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer like H. pylori.

2. Most fat replacers are made from:

• A. proteins.
• B. carbohydrates.
• C. cholesterol.
• D. monoglycerides.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Most fat replacers are made from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are utilized to mimic the texture of fats in food products. Proteins (Choice A) are not commonly used as fat replacers and are more often associated with other functions in food. Cholesterol (Choice C) is a type of fat and not used to replace fat in food products. Monoglycerides (Choice D) are sometimes used as emulsifiers or stabilizers in food products but are not the primary source of fat replacers.

3. Two amino acids are chemically joined by a:

• A. double bond.
• B. hydrogen bond.
• C. carboxyl bond.
• D. peptide bond.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, peptide bond. A peptide bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. This bond is crucial in protein synthesis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A double bond involves sharing two pairs of electrons, a hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, and a carboxyl bond is not a common term in biochemistry.

4. What is a major function of glucose?

• A. Produce energy.
• B. Transport oxygen to cells.
• C. Convert fat to glycogen.
• D. Maintain body weight.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for the body, especially for the brain and muscles. Choice B is incorrect because glucose itself is not responsible for transporting oxygen to cells. Choice C is incorrect as glucose is converted to glycogen, not the other way around. Choice D is incorrect as glucose itself does not play a direct role in maintaining body weight.

5. What is the main body storage form of carbohydrates?

• A. Glycogen.
• B. Starch.
• C. Fat.
• D. Glucose.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glycogen. Glycogen is the stored form of carbohydrates in the body, primarily found in the liver and muscles. Starch (choice B) is a carbohydrate storage molecule in plants, not in the human body. Fat (choice C) is a different macronutrient and not the main storage form of carbohydrates. Glucose (choice D) is a simple sugar that serves as an energy source, not the main storage form of carbohydrates.

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