dietary guidelines are most useful for

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. Dietary guidelines are most useful for:

A. limiting portion sizes.
B. designing a personal food plan.
C. making smart food choices.
D. avoiding excessive nutrient intakes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dietary guidelines are designed to assist individuals in making smart food choices by providing recommendations on what to eat to maintain good health. While portion sizes may be a part of these guidelines, they are not the primary focus. Designing a personal food plan involves individual preferences and needs, which may go beyond general guidelines. Avoiding excessive nutrient intakes is important, but dietary guidelines aim to provide balanced recommendations rather than just focusing on avoiding excess.

2. How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?

A. Vitamin K.
B. Plant sterols.
C. Trans fats.
D. Phospholipids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.

3. Which of the following is one of the simplest amino acids?

A. Arginine
B. Valine
C. Lysine
D. Glycine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Glycine. Glycine is indeed one of the simplest amino acids as it consists of just a hydrogen atom as its side chain. Arginine, Valine, and Lysine are all more complex amino acids compared to Glycine, making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile?

A. gastric lipase
B. cholecystokinin
C. vitamin D
D. enterokinin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the correct answer. It is the hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile to aid in fat digestion. Gastric lipase (Choice A) is an enzyme that breaks down fats in the stomach, not a hormone involved in gallbladder function. Vitamin D (Choice C) is important for calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly related to gallbladder function. Enterokinin (Choice D) is a peptide hormone that affects smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is not specifically responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to release bile.

5. Which component of protein contains nitrogen?

A. Amino group
B. Carboxyl group
C. Peptide bond
D. Side chain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino groups are functional groups found in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. These groups contain nitrogen and are essential for the structure and function of proteins. The carboxyl group (choice B) contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, while the peptide bond (choice C) is a covalent bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain. The side chain (choice D) refers to the unique chemical structure attached to the central carbon of an amino acid and varies among different amino acids, but it does not specifically contain nitrogen.