nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes to build and repair tissue and to

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. Nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes, build and repair tissue, and to:

A. provide energy.
B. control cellular wastes.
C. control hormone levels.
D. regulate absorption.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: provide energy. Nutrients play a crucial role in providing energy for the body's various functions. While they do help in regulating metabolic processes and in building and repairing tissue, the primary function related to energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as nutrients are not primarily responsible for controlling cellular wastes, hormone levels, or absorption.

2. Which mineral helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries?

A. Calcium
B. Phosphorus
C. Fluoride
D. Zinc

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral known for its ability to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries. While calcium (Choice A) is essential for strong bones and teeth, it is not specifically known for preventing dental caries. Phosphorus (Choice B) is crucial for bone health but is not directly associated with preventing dental caries. Zinc (Choice D) is not typically recognized for strengthening tooth enamel or preventing dental caries.

3. Which of the following are macronutrients?

A. Minerals.
B. Proteins.
C. Vitamins.
D. Enzymes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and fats. Macronutrients are nutrients that provide energy and are required in large amounts by the body. Minerals and vitamins are considered micronutrients, as they are needed in smaller quantities. Enzymes, on the other hand, are not nutrients but rather biological molecules that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

4. In which individual does negative nitrogen balance occur?

A. Adult who engages in a weight-training program.
B. Woman who is pregnant or lactating.
C. Child who is growing.
D. Older adult with anorexia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains. This imbalance is often seen in conditions like anorexia in older adults, where insufficient protein intake leads to muscle breakdown and negative nitrogen balance. Choices A, B, and C do not typically lead to negative nitrogen balance as seen in anorexia in older adults.

5. Plasma lipoproteins contain varying amounts of:

A. ascorbic acid.
B. triglycerides.
C. lecithin.
D. glucose.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: triglycerides. Plasma lipoproteins, such as LDL and HDL, contain triglycerides, cholesterol, and other fats. Ascorbic acid (choice A) is not typically found in plasma lipoproteins; it is a form of vitamin C. Lecithin (choice C) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes but is not a major component of plasma lipoproteins. Glucose (choice D) is a type of sugar and is not a primary component of plasma lipoproteins.