Nursing Elites

1. Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:

• A. insulin.
• B. lipoprotein.
• C. antibodies.
• D. albumin.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inadequate protein intake can lead to a decrease in antibody production, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Insulin (Choice A) is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not related to protein intake. Lipoprotein (Choice B) is a type of lipid-protein complex involved in lipid transport, not directly related to antibody production. Albumin (Choice D) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure and carries various substances in the blood, but it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections like antibodies.

2. What are the actions involved in the process of digestion?

• A. thermal and chemical.
• B. chemical and segmental.
• C. muscular and chemical.
• D. mechanical and thermal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'muscular and chemical.' In the process of digestion, muscular movements help in mixing and propelling food along the digestive tract, while chemical breakdowns involving enzymes and acids break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as thermal, segmental, and mechanical actions are not the primary actions involved in the digestion process.

3. Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?

• A. mouth
• B. stomach
• C. pancreas
• D. duodenum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.

4. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat recommends that the percentage of total kcalories from fat should fall between:

• A. 10% and 20%.
• B. 20% and 25%.
• C. 20% and 35%.
• D. 30% and 45%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that 20% to 35% of total kcalories should come from fat. This range is recommended to maintain good health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the specified range. A lower percentage (10-20%) may not provide enough essential fatty acids, while a higher percentage (30-45%) may increase the risk of health issues associated with excessive fat consumption.

5. A protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the proper proportions is called:

• A. simple
• B. indispensable
• C. complete
• D. complementary

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A complete protein is the term used to describe a protein that contains all the essential amino acids required by the body in the right proportions. This makes choice C the correct answer. Choice A, 'simple,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the concept of essential amino acids. Choice B, 'indispensable,' while related to importance, does not specifically address the presence of all essential amino acids. Choice D, 'complementary,' is also incorrect as it refers to combining proteins to achieve a complete amino acid profile, rather than describing a protein that already contains all essential amino acids.

Similar Questions