Nursing Elites

1. In addition to poor eating habits, a factor that often contributes to marginal nutritional status is:

• A. dependence on caffeine.
• B. acute illness.
• C. low income.
• D. size of the family unit.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low income is a significant factor contributing to marginal nutritional status due to limited access to nutritious food. While dependence on caffeine or acute illness can impact health, they are not as directly linked to marginal nutrition as low income. The size of the family unit may affect food distribution within the household but is not as directly related to marginal nutritional status as low income.

2. What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the available amino acids?

• A. Gluconeogenesis.
• B. Deamination.
• C. Protein synthesis.
• D. Transamination.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein synthesis. This process involves the formation of proteins from amino acids to support various body functions. Gluconeogenesis (choice A) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not protein synthesis. Deamination (choice B) is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, not the synthesis of proteins. Transamination (choice D) is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the direct synthesis of proteins.

3. In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:

• A. indispensable.
• B. dispensable.
• C. complementary.
• D. limiting.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.

4. Which chain length of fatty acids is most water-soluble and easily absorbed into the bloodstream?

• A. Very long.
• B. Long.
• C. Medium.
• D. Short.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Short-chain fatty acids are the most water-soluble and are more easily absorbed into the bloodstream. Very long, long, and medium-chain fatty acids are less water-soluble and are absorbed at a slower rate compared to short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

5. For a healthy person, what percentage of daily calories should be supplied by protein?

• A. 5% to 10%.
• B. 10% to 35%.
• C. more than 25%.
• D. more than 35%.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 10% to 35%. For a healthy person, it is recommended that 10% to 35% of their daily caloric intake should come from protein. This range ensures an adequate intake of protein for various bodily functions without overdoing it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest percentages either below the recommended range (A, C) or exceeding it (D), which could lead to nutritional imbalances or health issues.

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