Nursing Elites

1. During the process of deamination, the nitrogen portion of amino acids is converted to:

• A. ammonia.
• B. protein.
• C. purines.
• D. glycogen.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the process of deamination, the nitrogen portion of amino acids is converted to ammonia. This occurs in the liver as part of the process to remove excess nitrogen from the body. Choice B, 'protein,' is incorrect as deamination breaks down amino acids rather than synthesizing proteins. Choice C, 'purines,' is incorrect as purines are a type of nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA, not a product of deamination. Choice D, 'glycogen,' is incorrect as glycogen is a storage form of glucose and not a product of amino acid deamination.

2. Which phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?

• A. digestion
• B. catabolism
• C. anabolism
• D. ketosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anabolism is the phase of metabolism responsible for building up and repairing tissues in the body. It involves processes that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. Digestion (choice A) is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption. Catabolism (choice B) involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Ketosis (choice D) is a metabolic state where the body uses fat as the primary source of energy, which is not directly related to growth and repair.

3. Which component of fat can be used to make glucose through gluconeogenesis?

• A. Glycogen
• B. Fatty acids
• C. Glycerol
• D. Monoglyceride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Glycerol.' Glycerol, a component of fat, can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (Choice A) is a polysaccharide stored in animals, not a component of fat. Fatty acids (Choice B) are used primarily for energy production through beta-oxidation, not for gluconeogenesis. Monoglyceride (Choice D) is a molecule formed during fat digestion, but it is not the component of fat that can be used to make glucose.

4. Which nutrient group provides the primary source of energy for the body?

• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Fats.
• C. Proteins.
• D. Vitamins.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body's cells for energy production. Fats and proteins are also essential nutrients, but carbohydrates are the preferred energy source for the body due to their quick conversion into fuel. Vitamins are not a direct source of energy but play crucial roles in various bodily functions.

5. Where is Vitamin B12 found?

• A. Whole grains.
• B. Nuts.
• C. Meats.
• D. Legumes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods like meats. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as whole grains, nuts, and legumes do not naturally contain significant amounts of Vitamin B12. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Meats.'

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