Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Fructose.
• C. Galactose.
• D. Maltose.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Maltose. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides, not disaccharides. Therefore, they are not examples of disaccharides.

2. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?

• A. Infants
• B. Teenagers
• C. Young adults
• D. Middle-aged adults

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.

3. What is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action known as?

• A. gastric nerve plexus
• B. biliary nerve plexus
• C. intramural nerve plexus
• D. intestinal nerve plexus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, intramural nerve plexus. The intramural nerve plexus is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action. The gastric nerve plexus (choice A) specifically pertains to the network of nerves in the stomach, not the entire gastrointestinal wall. The biliary nerve plexus (choice B) is associated with nerve supply in the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, not the gastrointestinal wall. The intestinal nerve plexus (choice D) is a general term that may refer to various nerve networks within the intestines but does not specifically address the entire gastrointestinal wall.

4. What are the major sources of energy for the body?

• A. Proteins and fats.
• B. Carbohydrates and fats.
• C. Proteins and carbohydrates.
• D. Vitamins and minerals.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.

5. In the most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes, the three groups into which foods are arranged are:

• A. fruits and vegetables, breads, and meats.
• B. fats, starches and sugars, and meat and milk.
• C. fruits and vegetables, meat and milk, and starches.
• D. carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats. The most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes categorizes foods into these three groups for easier meal planning. Choice A is incorrect because it does not include carbohydrates and groups bread with fruits and vegetables. Choice B is incorrect because it separates carbohydrates into starches and sugars, which are usually counted together in diabetes meal planning. Choice C is incorrect as it does not specifically categorize foods into carbohydrates, meat, and fats as per the latest edition.

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