Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Fructose.
• C. Galactose.
• D. Maltose.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Maltose. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides, not disaccharides. Therefore, they are not examples of disaccharides.

2. Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?

• A. mouth
• B. stomach
• C. pancreas
• D. duodenum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.

3. What is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action known as?

• A. gastric nerve plexus
• B. biliary nerve plexus
• C. intramural nerve plexus
• D. intestinal nerve plexus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, intramural nerve plexus. The intramural nerve plexus is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action. The gastric nerve plexus (choice A) specifically pertains to the network of nerves in the stomach, not the entire gastrointestinal wall. The biliary nerve plexus (choice B) is associated with nerve supply in the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, not the gastrointestinal wall. The intestinal nerve plexus (choice D) is a general term that may refer to various nerve networks within the intestines but does not specifically address the entire gastrointestinal wall.

4. How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?

• A. 9
• B. 10
• C. 12
• D. 14

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.

5. A person with lactose intolerance should be most careful to limit their intake of:

• A. milk
• B. yogurt
• C. cheese
• D. corn syrup

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose, the sugar in dairy products. Milk contains a high amount of lactose, making it crucial for those with lactose intolerance to limit their intake. Yogurt and cheese, on the other hand, have lower lactose content due to the fermentation process which reduces lactose levels, making them better tolerated by many with lactose intolerance. Corn syrup, although high in sugar, does not contain lactose and is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Therefore, the correct answer is 'milk' as it is a significant source of lactose, which can trigger symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance.

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