Nursing Elites

1. How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?

• A. Vitamin K.
• B. Plant sterols.
• C. Trans fats.
• D. Phospholipids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.

2. Which component of fat can be used to make glucose through gluconeogenesis?

• A. Glycogen
• B. Fatty acids
• C. Glycerol
• D. Monoglyceride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Glycerol.' Glycerol, a component of fat, can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (Choice A) is a polysaccharide stored in animals, not a component of fat. Fatty acids (Choice B) are used primarily for energy production through beta-oxidation, not for gluconeogenesis. Monoglyceride (Choice D) is a molecule formed during fat digestion, but it is not the component of fat that can be used to make glucose.

3. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

• A. Cereal grains.
• B. Beans.
• C. Nuts.
• D. Eggs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Eggs are considered a source of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body. The other options, cereal grains, beans, and nuts, do not provide all the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions to be classified as complete proteins.

4. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:

• A. one slice of bread
• B. 2 cups of rice
• C. 3 cups of spaghetti
• D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.

5. What are the small, fingerlike projections into the intestinal lumen called?

• A. Villi
• B. Goblets
• C. Lacteals
• D. Polyps

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Villi. Villi are small fingerlike projections in the intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Goblets (choice B) are mucus-secreting cells in the intestines. Lacteals (choice C) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats. Polyps (choice D) are abnormal tissue growths.

Similar Questions