ATI LPN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. The sugar to which all other sugars are converted during human metabolism is:
- A. sucrose
- B. fructose
- C. glucose
- D. maltose
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is the primary sugar used by the body for energy and is converted from other sugars during metabolism. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not the end product of sugar metabolism. Fructose is a simple sugar found in fruits but needs to be converted to glucose for cellular energy. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units and is not the final product of sugar metabolism in humans.
2. What substance acts as an emulsifier and helps absorb digested fat?
- A. bile
- B. trypsin
- C. lipase
- D. cholecystokinin (CCK)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: bile. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down fats into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and absorption. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that acts on proteins, not fats. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, but it doesn't act as an emulsifier. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, including lipase, but it is not directly involved in emulsification.
3. Which nutrient has a protein-sparing effect?
- A. Glycerol
- B. Carbohydrate
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Fatty acids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect, meaning that adequate carbohydrate intake can prevent the use of protein for energy. Glycerol, nitrogen, and fatty acids do not have a protein-sparing effect. Glycerol is a component of fats and oils, nitrogen is a component of proteins, and fatty acids are used primarily as an energy source.
4. What is the maximum recommended daily intake of cholesterol?
- A. 100 mg.
- B. 200 mg.
- C. 300 mg.
- D. 400 mg.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 300 mg. The recommended maximum daily intake of cholesterol is 300 mg to reduce the risk of heart disease. Option A (100 mg) is too low, which may not provide enough cholesterol for normal bodily functions. Option B (200 mg) is also below the recommended limit. Option D (400 mg) exceeds the recommended daily intake, increasing the risk of heart disease.
5. An important characteristic of amino acids is that they can:
- A. act as buffers.
- B. facilitate glucose storage.
- C. regulate heartbeat.
- D. control the level of blood cholesterol.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: act as buffers. Amino acids can act as buffers by helping to maintain the pH balance in the body. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids do not primarily facilitate glucose storage. Choice C is incorrect as amino acids do not regulate the heartbeat. Choice D is also incorrect because amino acids do not control the level of blood cholesterol.
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