Nursing Elites

1. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?

• A. Infants
• B. Teenagers
• C. Young adults
• D. Middle-aged adults

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.

2. Carbohydrates are composed of a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and which other element?

• A. oxygen.
• B. nitrogen.
• C. water.
• D. glucose.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These three elements combine to form the basic structure of carbohydrates. Oxygen is an essential element in carbohydrates, contributing to their chemical composition. Choice B (nitrogen) is incorrect as nitrogen is not a typical component of carbohydrates. Choice C (water) is incorrect as water is not an element but a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Choice D (glucose) is incorrect as glucose is a specific type of sugar, not an element found in the composition of carbohydrates.

3. What are dextrins?

• A. Polysaccharides.
• B. End products of starch digestion.
• C. Formed in the liver.
• D. Rapidly excreted.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dextrins are a type of polysaccharides formed during the breakdown of starch. Choice A is correct because dextrins are indeed polysaccharides, not the end products of starch digestion (Choice B). They are not formed in the liver (Choice C) nor rapidly excreted (Choice D).

4. The percentage of the total daily caloric intake for healthy persons that should be supplied by carbohydrate is:

• A. 10% to 35%.
• B. 20% to 35%.
• C. 40% to 55%.
• D. 45% to 65%.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 45% to 65%. Carbohydrates should contribute between 45% to 65% of the total daily caloric intake for healthy individuals to maintain a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower ranges, which may not provide sufficient energy from carbohydrates for overall health and well-being.

5. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by 35 g of fat?

• A. 140
• B. 245
• C. 315
• D. 360

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 35 grams of fat provides 315 kcal. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (140) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the energy content of fat. Choice B (245) is incorrect as it miscalculates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat. Choice D (360) is incorrect because it overestimates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat.

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