Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following foods is high in indispensable amino acids?

• A. Lentils
• B. Tofu
• C. Peanuts
• D. Eggs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, eggs. Eggs are considered a high-quality protein source as they are rich in indispensable amino acids. Lentils, tofu, and peanuts also contain protein but are not as high in indispensable amino acids as eggs, making them less complete protein sources.

2. Which of the following provides the best source of nutrients?

• A. specific food combinations.
• B. a variety of foods.
• C. individual foods.
• D. a variety of food supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A variety of foods is the best source of nutrients because it ensures a balanced intake of all essential nutrients required by the body. Option A, specific food combinations, may not provide all necessary nutrients as relying on only a few types of food may lead to deficiencies. Option C, individual foods, also may not provide a complete range of nutrients necessary for overall health. Option D, a variety of food supplements, is not the best source of nutrients as whole foods are generally more beneficial due to their natural nutrient composition and bioavailability.

3. What substance acts as an emulsifier and helps absorb digested fat?

• A. bile
• B. trypsin
• C. lipase
• D. cholecystokinin (CCK)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bile. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down fats into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and absorption. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that acts on proteins, not fats. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, but it doesn't act as an emulsifier. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, including lipase, but it is not directly involved in emulsification.

4. A protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the proper proportions is called:

• A. simple
• B. indispensable
• C. complete
• D. complementary

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A complete protein is the term used to describe a protein that contains all the essential amino acids required by the body in the right proportions. This makes choice C the correct answer. Choice A, 'simple,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the concept of essential amino acids. Choice B, 'indispensable,' while related to importance, does not specifically address the presence of all essential amino acids. Choice D, 'complementary,' is also incorrect as it refers to combining proteins to achieve a complete amino acid profile, rather than describing a protein that already contains all essential amino acids.

5. What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the available amino acids?

• A. Gluconeogenesis.
• B. Deamination.
• C. Protein synthesis.
• D. Transamination.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein synthesis. This process involves the formation of proteins from amino acids to support various body functions. Gluconeogenesis (choice A) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not protein synthesis. Deamination (choice B) is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, not the synthesis of proteins. Transamination (choice D) is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the direct synthesis of proteins.

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