Nursing Elites

1. A client with hypertension is being taught about the DASH diet. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of fruits and vegetables.
• D. I should decrease my intake of whole grains.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for managing hypertension. Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables is a key component of the DASH diet as these foods are rich in nutrients that can help lower blood pressure levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they go against the principles of the DASH diet, which focuses on reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium-rich foods, and consuming whole grains.

2. A client has a new diagnosis of gout, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of purine-rich foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of purine-rich foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease intake of purine-rich foods to manage uric acid levels and symptoms of gout. Purine-rich foods can exacerbate gout symptoms by increasing uric acid production, leading to flare-ups. Therefore, reducing purine intake is essential in the dietary management of gout. Option A is incorrect because increasing purine-rich foods can worsen gout symptoms. Option C is irrelevant as lactose is not directly related to gout. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a recommended dietary modification for managing gout.

3. A client with pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of high-fat foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of high-fat foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of high-protein foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of high-protein foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Decreasing the intake of high-fat foods is essential in managing pancreatitis as high-fat foods can exacerbate symptoms and lead to complications. By reducing high-fat foods in their diet, the client demonstrates an understanding of the dietary management needed for pancreatitis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-fat foods (Choice A) is not recommended for pancreatitis as it can worsen the condition. While high-protein foods (Choice C) can be beneficial in some cases, the primary focus in pancreatitis management is on reducing fat intake. Decreasing high-protein foods (Choice D) is not a key dietary management approach for pancreatitis.

4. A client reports difficulty sleeping at night, which interferes with daily functioning. Which intervention should the nurse suggest to this client?

• A. Avoid beverages containing caffeine
• B. Take a sleep medication regularly at bedtime
• C. Watch television for 30 minutes in bed to relax before falling asleep
• D. Advise the client to take several naps during the day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid beverages containing caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep, making it difficult for the client to fall asleep at night. Taking sleep medication regularly (choice B) may not address the root cause of the sleep difficulty and can lead to dependency. Watching television in bed (choice C) can actually stimulate the brain and hinder relaxation before sleep. Advising the client to take several naps during the day (choice D) can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle further. Therefore, recommending the avoidance of caffeine-containing beverages is the most appropriate intervention to help the client improve their ability to sleep at night and function better during the day.

5. What action is required by law when preparing to administer a controlled substance?

• A. Verify the client’s identification using two identifiers.
• B. Document the medication administration in the client’s chart immediately.
• C. Return any unused portion of the medication to the pharmacy.
• D. Have a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Having a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion of a controlled substance is a legal requirement to ensure proper disposal, prevent diversion, and maintain accountability. This practice helps in reducing the risk of misuse or unauthorized access to controlled substances, enhancing patient safety, and complying with legal regulations and standards.

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