ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an IV catheter for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the professional take?
- A. Shave the hair at the insertion site.
- B. Insert the catheter at a 45-degree angle.
- C. Place the client’s arm in a dependent position.
- D. Use a tourniquet to dilate the veins.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing the client’s arm in a dependent position is the correct action when preparing to insert an IV catheter in an older adult client. This position helps dilate the veins naturally by using gravity, making it easier to locate and access suitable veins for the IV catheter insertion. By positioning the arm in a dependent position, the healthcare professional can take advantage of gravity to increase venous distention, aiding in successful IV catheter insertion.
2. A client with a new prescription for a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will shake the inhaler before use.
- B. I will take the medication with food.
- C. I will inhale the medication quickly.
- D. I will use a spacer with the inhaler.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choosing option C, 'I will inhale the medication quickly,' demonstrates an understanding of DPI use. Inhaling the medication quickly ensures effective delivery of the dry powder to the lungs, maximizing its therapeutic effects. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as shaking the DPI, taking it with food, and using a spacer are not recommended practices for DPI administration. Shaking a DPI can cause clumping or uneven dispersion of the medication, taking it with food may not affect its efficacy but can increase the risk of side effects, and using a spacer is not necessary for DPIs which are breath-actuated and do not require coordination with inhalation through a spacer.
3. A client receives education on dietary management for ulcerative colitis from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- B. You should avoid foods containing lactose.
- C. You should decrease your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching is to decrease the intake of dairy products. This is because reducing the intake of dairy products is beneficial in managing symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can aggravate symptoms due to their lactose content, thus advising the client to decrease their consumption can help alleviate discomfort and promote better management of the condition.\nChoice A is incorrect because increasing high-fiber foods may worsen symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.\nChoice B is incorrect as while it is advised to avoid foods containing lactose, this alone does not encompass the full dietary management for ulcerative colitis.\nChoice D is incorrect as increasing the intake of dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with ulcerative colitis due to their lactose content.
4. A client with ulcerative colitis is receiving dietary management education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
- B. I should decrease my intake of dairy products.
- C. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of high-fat foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reducing dairy product intake can help manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in some individuals due to their lactose content and may need to be limited or avoided based on individual tolerance levels. Choice A is incorrect because increasing dairy products can worsen symptoms for some ulcerative colitis patients. Choice C is incorrect as while high-fiber foods are generally beneficial, they may exacerbate symptoms during a flare-up. Choice D is also incorrect as while reducing high-fat foods can be beneficial, dairy products are a more specific concern for ulcerative colitis.
5. A client has a new prescription for a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should be recommended?
- A. Bacon
- B. Whole milk
- C. Chicken breast
- D. Cheese
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When following a low-fat diet, it is essential to choose foods that are low in fat. Chicken breast is a lean protein source that is low in fat, making it a suitable option for a low-fat diet. Bacon, whole milk, and cheese are higher in fat content and should be avoided or limited in a low-fat diet. Bacon is high in saturated fat, whole milk contains significant amounts of fat, including saturated fat, and cheese is also high in fat. Therefore, these options are not ideal for a low-fat diet.
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