ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client with renal calculi is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of calcium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because decreasing the intake of calcium-rich foods can help manage and prevent the formation of renal calculi. Excessive calcium intake can contribute to the formation of these stones, so reducing calcium-rich foods is a key dietary modification for individuals with renal calculi. Choice A is incorrect as increasing calcium-rich foods can exacerbate the condition. Choice C is incorrect because increasing sodium-rich foods can lead to more stone formation due to increased calcium excretion. Choice D is incorrect as potassium-rich foods do not directly contribute to the formation of renal calculi.
2. A nurse is planning care for a client following gastric bypass surgery. The nurse should include which of the following dietary instructions when preparing the client for discharge?
- A. Start each meal with a protein source.
- B. Consume at least 25g of fiber daily.
- C. Check your blood glucose level before each meal.
- D. Limit your meals to three times per day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Start each meal with a protein source.' Protein is crucial for healing and maintaining muscle mass after gastric bypass surgery, making it essential to include in each meal. Choice B is incorrect because immediately after surgery, the focus is typically on a low-fiber diet to aid in healing. Choice C is unrelated to the nutritional needs following gastric bypass surgery. Choice D is also incorrect as patients recovering from gastric bypass surgery may require more frequent, smaller meals to meet their nutritional needs.
3. A client expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?
- A. Reassure the client that everything will be fine
- B. Ask the client to describe feelings
- C. Tell the client to stay positive
- D. Provide information about the surgery
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Asking the client to describe their feelings is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take. This allows the nurse to understand the specific concerns and anxieties the client is experiencing. Choice A may invalidate the client's feelings and not address the root cause of anxiety. Choice C may come across as dismissive and oversimplified. While providing information about the surgery (Choice D) is important, addressing the client's emotional state is the initial priority in this situation.
4. Which of the following individuals should be considered as special targets for family planning?
- A. Individuals with two or more children
- B. Individuals with medical conditions such as anemia
- C. Individuals younger than 20 years or older than 35 years
- D. Individuals who have had a delivery within the past 15 months
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Individuals who have had a delivery within the past 15 months should be considered special targets for family planning because the ideal birth spacing is at least two years. By waiting two years (15 months post-delivery + 9 months of pregnancy), the individual can give their body enough time to recover and reduce potential health risks associated with closely spaced pregnancies.
5. How does a durable power of attorney differ from a power of attorney?
- A. It is granted by the court on behalf of an incompetent individual.
- B. It stays in effect if the individual granting it becomes incompetent.
- C. It goes into effect only after an individual becomes incompetent.
- D. It includes responsibility for managing an individual's financial assets.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A durable power of attorney allows competent individuals to appoint someone else to make decisions on their behalf in the event they become incompetent. Choice A is incorrect because a durable power of attorney is typically granted by the individual themselves, not the court. Choice C is incorrect as a durable power of attorney can be effective both before and after incompetency. Choice D is incorrect because managing financial assets is just one aspect of the authority granted by a power of attorney, not specifically for a durable power of attorney.
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