ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions
1. A client has a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Monitor your blood pressure daily.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- D. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Monitor your blood pressure daily.' When a client is prescribed metoprolol, it is important to monitor blood pressure daily because the medication can cause hypotension, leading to low blood pressure. Regular monitoring allows for the early detection of any potential issues and adjustment of treatment if necessary. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking metoprolol with food is not necessary, increasing potassium-rich foods is not directly related to metoprolol therapy, and avoiding grapefruit juice is more relevant for certain other medications that interact with grapefruit.
2. In planning care for the termination phase of a nurse-client relationship, which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Discussing ways to use new behaviors
- B. Practicing new problem-solving skills
- C. Developing goals
- D. Establishing boundaries
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During the termination phase of a nurse-client relationship, it is crucial to discuss ways to use new behaviors. This helps the client integrate and apply the skills and strategies they have acquired during the therapeutic process into their daily life. By focusing on the application of new behaviors, the client can maintain progress and continue to grow even after the professional relationship has ended. Practicing new problem-solving skills, developing goals, and establishing boundaries are important aspects of the therapeutic process but are more commonly addressed in earlier phases of the nurse-client relationship. Therefore, the correct action to include in the plan of care during the termination phase is discussing ways to use new behaviors.
3. A client with hypothyroidism is being taught about dietary management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of iodine-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial for clients with hypothyroidism as iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Adequate iodine intake helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism, making choice A the most appropriate response indicating an understanding of the dietary management for this condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods, increasing potassium-rich foods, or decreasing sodium-rich foods are not the recommended dietary modifications for hypothyroidism. In fact, decreasing iodine-rich foods could exacerbate hypothyroidism due to the essential role of iodine in thyroid hormone production.
4. A client with iron-deficiency anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in iron.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in calcium.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in calcium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.' Iron-deficiency anemia is managed by increasing the consumption of iron-rich foods to improve iron levels in the body. Foods high in iron include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and iron-fortified cereals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing intake of iron-rich foods or increasing intake of calcium-rich foods would not address the deficiency in iron levels that characterizes iron-deficiency anemia.
5. The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the rainy season. This pattern of occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as:
- A. Epidemic occurrence
- B. Cyclical variation
- C. Sporadic occurrence
- D. Secular occurrence
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cyclical variation best describes the periodic fluctuation in the number of Dengue fever cases in the community, typically increasing towards the end of the rainy season and then decreasing during drier periods. This pattern suggests a recurring cycle rather than a sudden outbreak (epidemic), random occurrence (sporadic), or gradual long-term change (secular occurrence).
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