ATI LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. A client has a new diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-sodium foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a client with nephrotic syndrome, decreasing the intake of high-sodium foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms of the condition. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention, swelling, and worsen the condition. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their high-sodium food intake aligns with the dietary management approach to help control nephrotic syndrome. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-sodium foods would exacerbate fluid retention, avoiding lactose is not specifically required for nephrotic syndrome, and increasing dairy products may not be necessary unless individualized based on the client's needs and lab values.
2. Medicaid, which is financed by what part of the government, is jointly funded by which two entities?
- A. State
- B. Federal
- C. County
- D. State and federal
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Medicaid is a healthcare program jointly funded by the state and federal governments. States have flexibility in administering Medicaid while adhering to federal guidelines, and both entities contribute funding to support the program. Choice A (State) is incorrect as Medicaid is not solely funded by the state government. Choice B (Federal) is not the only funding source for Medicaid. Choice C (County) is not a primary entity involved in financing Medicaid, making it incorrect. The correct answer is D, as Medicaid receives funding from both the state and federal governments.
3. A nurse is preparing to feed a newly admitted client with dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Instruct the client to lift their chin when swallowing
- B. Discourage the client from coughing during feedings
- C. Sit at or below the client’s eye level during feedings
- D. Talk with the client during feedings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Sitting at or below the client’s eye level is important when feeding a client with dysphagia. This position allows the nurse to closely observe the client for any signs of difficulty with swallowing, which can help prevent aspiration. Instructing the client to lift their chin when swallowing (choice A) is not recommended for clients with dysphagia as it can increase the risk of aspiration. Discouraging the client from coughing during feedings (choice B) is also not correct, as coughing may be a protective mechanism to prevent aspiration. Talking with the client during feedings (choice D) may distract the client and interfere with their ability to focus on swallowing safely.
4. A client is receiving chemotherapy and is at risk for neutropenia. Which precaution should the nurse implement?
- A. Encourage regular visitors to boost morale.
- B. Ensure the client receives live vaccines.
- C. Place the client in a private room.
- D. Provide a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing the client in a private room is crucial to protect them from infections due to their compromised immune system. Neutropenia, a common side effect of chemotherapy, decreases white blood cell count, making the client more susceptible to infections. By placing the client in a private room, exposure to pathogens from other individuals is minimized, reducing the risk of infection and helping maintain the client's health during this vulnerable period.
5. Which criterion in priority setting of health problems is uniquely used in community health care?
- A. Modifiability of the problem
- B. Nature of the problem presented
- C. Magnitude of the health problem
- D. Preventive potential of the health problem
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Magnitude of the health problem. This criterion specifically looks at the percentage of the population affected by a health issue and is primarily used in community health care settings. On the other hand, modifiability of the problem, nature of the problem presented, and preventive potential of the health problem are criteria that are considered in both family and community health care settings.
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