ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. During an abdominal assessment, what is the correct sequence of steps for a healthcare provider to follow?
- A. Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation
- B. Percussion, auscultation, inspection, palpation
- C. Auscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
- D. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During an abdominal assessment, the correct sequence of steps is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. This sequence is followed to prevent altering bowel sounds. Inspection allows for visual observation, followed by auscultation to listen for bowel sounds without causing disturbance, percussion to assess for tympany or dullness, and finally palpation to feel for any abnormalities or tenderness. Choice A is incorrect because palpation should come after percussion. Choice B is incorrect as auscultation should be performed after inspection. Choice C is incorrect because palpation should be the final step after percussion.
2. When a father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position, the nurse would explain that squatting:
- A. Increases peripheral vascular resistance
- B. Decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart
- C. It's a common resting position when a child is tachycardic
- D. Increases the workload of the heart
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Squatting increases systemic vascular resistance, which leads to a reduction in the right-to-left shunting of blood in children with tetralogy of Fallot. This helps improve oxygenation by balancing the pulmonary and systemic blood flow. The squatting position decreases the pressure in the right ventricle and reduces the magnitude of the right-to-left shunt by increasing afterload, thereby improving oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because squatting does not decrease arterial blood flow away from the heart, is not related to being tachycardic, and does not increase the workload of the heart.
3. A client has undergone a myelogram, and a nurse is providing post-procedure care. Which action should be included in the nursing care plan?
- A. Encourage ambulation after the procedure
- B. Maintain the prone position for 12 hours
- C. Evaluate the client's distal pulses on the affected side
- D. Encourage oral fluid intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to include in the nursing care plan for a client post-myelogram is to evaluate the client's distal pulses on the affected side. This is crucial to assess circulation and detect any potential complications such as impaired blood flow or vascular issues. Encouraging ambulation after the procedure (Choice A) is not typically recommended immediately post-myelogram, as the client may need to rest. Maintaining the prone position for 12 hours (Choice B) is an outdated practice and is no longer part of standard care post-myelogram. Encouraging oral fluid intake (Choice D) is generally beneficial for hydration but is not a specific priority related to post-myelogram care.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is prescribed ciprofloxacin. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will stop taking the medication when I feel better.
- B. I will avoid caffeine while taking this medication.
- C. I will wear sunscreen when going outside.
- D. I will drink plenty of fluids while on this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients should be instructed to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if they start feeling better, to prevent antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection.
5. Following a CVA, the nurse assesses that a client developed dysphagia, hypoactive bowel sounds, and a firm, distended abdomen. Which prescription for the client should the nurse question?
- A. Continuous tube feeding at 65 ml/hr via gastrostomy.
- B. Total parenteral nutrition to be infused at 125 ml/hour.
- C. Nasogastric tube connected to low intermittent suction.
- D. Metoclopramide (Reglan) intermittent piggyback.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client with dysphagia, hypoactive bowel sounds, and a firm, distended abdomen post-CVA, continuous tube feeding at 65 ml/hr via gastrostomy may exacerbate abdominal distension and hypoactive bowel sounds. This situation requires immediate assessment and reevaluation before continuing with the prescription.
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