ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. What action should the nurse take to prevent aspiration in a client receiving enteral nutrition?
- A. Flush the feeding tube with water before and after feedings.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees during feedings.
- C. Administer the feeding slowly.
- D. Check the client's weight daily.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees during feedings is essential to prevent aspiration in clients receiving enteral nutrition. This positioning helps decrease the risk of regurgitation and aspiration by supporting proper digestion and aiding food passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Elevating the head of the bed is a standard precautionary measure recommended to reduce the chances of aspiration and should be consistently implemented during feedings to ensure client safety and optimal enteral nutrition delivery.
2. When assisting a client with bilateral casts on her hands with feeding, what action should the nurse take?
- A. Sit at the bedside when feeding the client
- B. Provide pureed foods
- C. Ensure feedings are provided at room temperature
- D. Offer the client a drink of fluid after every bite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assisting a client with bilateral casts on her hands with feeding, the nurse should sit at the bedside. This action is crucial to provide the client with the nurse's full attention during the feeding process. Sitting at the bedside helps avoid appearing rushed and ensures a safe and comfortable environment for the client. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they may be relevant in other situations, the priority when assisting a client with bilateral casts on her hands is to ensure proper attention and a comfortable setting during feeding.
3. A client receives education on dietary management for ulcerative colitis from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- B. You should avoid foods containing lactose.
- C. You should decrease your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching is to decrease the intake of dairy products. This is because reducing the intake of dairy products is beneficial in managing symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can aggravate symptoms due to their lactose content, thus advising the client to decrease their consumption can help alleviate discomfort and promote better management of the condition.\nChoice A is incorrect because increasing high-fiber foods may worsen symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.\nChoice B is incorrect as while it is advised to avoid foods containing lactose, this alone does not encompass the full dietary management for ulcerative colitis.\nChoice D is incorrect as increasing the intake of dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with ulcerative colitis due to their lactose content.
4. A client has a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. Avoid foods that are high in potassium.
- C. Increase your intake of vitamin D-rich foods.
- D. Avoid foods that are high in sodium.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement to include in the teaching is to increase the intake of vitamin D-rich foods. Vitamin D helps improve calcium absorption, which is beneficial for bone health and may help alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone health, the focus should be on vitamin D for calcium absorption. Option B is incorrect as potassium is generally not restricted in osteoarthritis. Option D is also incorrect as sodium restriction is more relevant for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, not specifically for osteoarthritis.
5. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Crackles in the lungs
- D. Dry mucous membranes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which is a characteristic finding in clients with fluid volume excess. The crackling sound occurs due to the presence of excess fluid in the lungs, impairing normal ventilation and gas exchange. Monitoring for crackles is essential for early detection and management of fluid overload in clients. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in fluid volume excess, hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure (not hypotension), compensatory tachycardia (not bradycardia), and moist mucous membranes (not dry).
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