ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. When providing teaching to a client with a new prescription for atorvastatin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication in the evening.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Increase your intake of grapefruit juice.
- D. Avoid consuming dairy products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for atorvastatin is to take the medication in the evening. Atorvastatin is more effective when taken at night because cholesterol synthesis is higher during this time. This timing helps optimize the drug's cholesterol-lowering effects and enhances its overall efficacy in managing lipid levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking atorvastatin with food can decrease its absorption, grapefruit juice can interact with atorvastatin leading to increased side effects, and there is no specific need to avoid dairy products while on atorvastatin unless instructed otherwise by the healthcare provider.
2. A client who is 2 hours postpartum is in the taking-hold phase. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement during this phase of postpartum behavioral adjustment?
- A. Discuss contraceptive options with the client and her partner.
- B. Repeat information to ensure client understanding.
- C. Listen to the client and her partner as they reflect upon the birth experience.
- D. Demonstrate to the client how to perform a newborn bath.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During the taking-hold phase of postpartum behavioral adjustment, the new mother starts taking a stronger interest in her new role as a mother. This phase involves the mother focusing on the care of her newborn and acquiring parenting skills. Demonstrating how to perform a newborn bath is an appropriate intervention during this phase as it helps the mother actively engage in caring for her baby, which aligns with the developmental tasks of this phase. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically address the mother's need to actively engage in caring for her newborn during the taking-hold phase. Discussing contraceptive options, repeating information, and listening to reflections on the birth experience are more relevant to other phases of postpartum adjustment.
3. A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following findings indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
- A. Chills
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Low back pain
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Low back pain is a classic sign of a hemolytic transfusion reaction and requires immediate intervention. Chills are more commonly associated with a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. Bradycardia is not a typical sign of a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Hypertension is not a common finding in a hemolytic transfusion reaction.
4. A gerontological nurse is conducting an in-service program for a group of nurses who work with a wide range of culturally diverse older adults. After teaching the group about the impact of culture on health and illness, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which reason as underlying the need to understand culture?
- A. Ensure that clients receive the respect customary in their own ethnic group
- B. Provide individualized and culturally sensitive care
- C. Ensure that medical treatments align with cultural expectations
- D. Increase compliance among minority clients
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because understanding the impact of culture on health and illness enables nurses to provide individualized and culturally sensitive care to older adults from diverse backgrounds. This approach ensures that the cultural, religious, and sexual orientation differences of older adults are acknowledged, respected, and factored into their care. Choice A is not as comprehensive as B, as the goal goes beyond just respecting customary practices. Choice C, while important, is more focused on medical treatments rather than holistic care. Choice D is not the primary reason for understanding culture; the main goal is to provide personalized care that respects individual differences.
5. A nurse in a mental health facility receives a change-of-shift report on four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse assess first?
- A. Client placed in restraints for aggressive behavior
- B. A new client with a history of a 4.5 kg weight loss in the past two months
- C. Client who received a PRN dose of haloperidol 2 hours ago for increased anxiety
- D. Client who will be receiving his first ECT treatment today
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A client in restraints due to aggressive behavior needs immediate assessment to ensure safety and well-being. The nurse should assess this client first to address any potential risks, such as circulation issues, skin integrity problems, and ongoing agitation. Choices B, C, and D do not present immediate safety concerns that require urgent assessment compared to a client restrained for aggressive behavior.
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