ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment Form B
1. A client has been prescribed ferrous sulfate. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take with meals
- B. Take with a glass of orange juice
- C. Take at bedtime
- D. Take with milk
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed ferrous sulfate is to take it with a glass of orange juice. Vitamin C, found in orange juice, enhances the absorption of iron, making it more effective. Taking ferrous sulfate with meals, at bedtime, or with milk can decrease its absorption and effectiveness, so these options are incorrect.
2. A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client with dementia. Which of the following findings should the nurse address first?
- A. Restlessness and agitation
- B. Decreased respiratory rate
- C. Wandering during the night
- D. Incontinence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client with dementia, addressing restlessness and agitation is a priority because these symptoms can exacerbate dementia and lead to further complications. Restlessness and agitation can indicate underlying issues such as pain, discomfort, or unmet needs, which should be promptly assessed and managed to improve the client's quality of life. Decreased respiratory rate, wandering during the night, and incontinence are important to address but do not pose immediate risks to the client's well-being compared to the potential effects of unmanaged restlessness and agitation in dementia.
3. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. What is the healthcare professional's first action?
- A. Check the client's temperature
- B. Verify that the client's blood type matches the blood product
- C. Administer the blood through an IV push
- D. Ensure the blood is warmed before administration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The healthcare professional's first action before administering a blood transfusion should be to verify that the client's blood type matches the blood product. This step is crucial to ensure compatibility and prevent potentially severe transfusion reactions. Checking the client's temperature (Choice A) is important but not the first action in this scenario. Administering the blood through an IV push (Choice C) is incorrect as blood transfusions are typically administered as a slow infusion. Ensuring the blood is warmed before administration (Choice D) is not the first action and is not a standard practice in blood transfusions.
4. What is the chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid?
- A. carboxyl group
- B. carbon chain
- C. radicals
- D. amino group
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino acids consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain attached to a central carbon atom. The amino group is essential for the formation of proteins. The carboxyl group is not the base component but another important functional group in amino acids. Carbon chain and radicals are not specific chemical structures that form the base component of an amino acid.
5. What should the nurse include in the insulin administration instruction for the parents of a child being discharged on insulin?
- A. Insert the needle and aspirate before injecting
- B. Inject insulin into the extremity to be exercised to improve absorption
- C. The muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the easiest for self-administration
- D. Clean the injection site with soap and water and avoid alcohol
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the most suitable areas for self-administration of insulin due to consistent absorption. Choices A and B are incorrect as aspirating before injecting insulin is unnecessary, and injecting into an extremity to be exercised does not enhance absorption. Choice D is incorrect as alcohol should be used to clean the injection site instead of soap and water, which can cause skin irritation.
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