ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. Following a total hip arthroplasty, what intervention should the healthcare provider implement for the client?
- A. Place a pillow between the client's legs.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.
- C. Position the client on the operative side.
- D. Keep the client’s legs adducted.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Placing a pillow between the client's legs is crucial post hip arthroplasty surgery to prevent hip dislocation. This intervention helps maintain proper alignment and prevents legs from crossing midline, reducing the risk of hip prosthesis dislocation. Elevating the head of the bed to 45 degrees, positioning the client on the operative side, or keeping the client's legs adducted are not recommended postoperative interventions for a total hip arthroplasty, as they can increase the risk of complications and compromise the surgical site.
2. Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
- A. Muscles.
- B. Pancreas.
- C. Liver.
- D. Spleen.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver. It is a process where glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol. The liver is the primary site for gluconeogenesis due to the presence of key enzymes and substrates required for this process. Muscles do not play a significant role in gluconeogenesis, making choice A incorrect. The pancreas is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon but is not the primary site for gluconeogenesis, so choice B is incorrect. The spleen is not a major organ involved in glucose metabolism, making choice D incorrect.
3. A nurse is caring for a client in active labor who is receiving oxytocin. The nurse notes that the client is experiencing contractions every 1 minute lasting 90 seconds. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Stop the oxytocin infusion
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Increase the IV fluid rate
- D. Prepare for delivery
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take in this situation is to stop the oxytocin infusion. Contractions occurring every 1 minute lasting 90 seconds indicate uterine hyperstimulation, which can lead to fetal distress by compromising oxygen supply. Stopping the oxytocin infusion will help reduce the frequency and intensity of contractions, allowing for better fetal oxygenation. Administering oxygen (Choice B) may be necessary if there are signs of fetal distress, but stopping the oxytocin is the priority. Increasing IV fluid rate (Choice C) is not the appropriate action in response to hyperstimulation. While preparing for delivery (Choice D) may eventually be necessary, the immediate action should be to address the hyperstimulation by stopping the oxytocin infusion.
4. A nurse is preparing to feed a newly admitted client with dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Instruct the client to lift their chin when swallowing
- B. Discourage the client from coughing during feedings
- C. Sit at or below the client’s eye level during feedings
- D. Talk with the client during feedings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Sitting at or below the client’s eye level is important when feeding a client with dysphagia. This position allows the nurse to closely observe the client for any signs of difficulty with swallowing, which can help prevent aspiration. Instructing the client to lift their chin when swallowing (choice A) is not recommended for clients with dysphagia as it can increase the risk of aspiration. Discouraging the client from coughing during feedings (choice B) is also not correct, as coughing may be a protective mechanism to prevent aspiration. Talking with the client during feedings (choice D) may distract the client and interfere with their ability to focus on swallowing safely.
5. A mother visited your facility with the complaint of her child passing watery stools for two days. This is the first time the child is having such an experience. How will you describe such a visit?
- A. Initial
- B. Follow-up
- C. Routine visit
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Initial.' This visit is described as initial because it is the first time the child is experiencing these symptoms. It signifies the first encounter with healthcare professionals for this specific issue, distinguishing it from subsequent visits which would be follow-up appointments to monitor progress or routine visits for preventive care. Choice B, 'Follow-up,' is incorrect as it implies subsequent visits after the initial encounter. Choice C, 'Routine visit,' is also incorrect as it implies a scheduled visit for preventive care rather than a visit prompted by a new or acute issue. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as one of the options accurately describes the situation, which is 'Initial.'
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