ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. During discharge instructions, a client with a new prescription for a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) states, 'I will shake the inhaler before each use.' Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will shake the inhaler before each use.
- B. I will use the inhaler immediately after meals.
- C. I will inhale the medication quickly.
- D. I will clean the mouthpiece with alcohol.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because shaking the inhaler before each use ensures that the medication is properly mixed, which is essential for effective administration. This action helps to disperse the medication evenly, enhancing its efficacy when inhaled. Proper mixing through shaking prevents inconsistent dosing and ensures that the client receives the correct amount of medication with each use.
2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a cleansing enema to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional plan to take?
- A. Insert the rectal tube 15.2 cm (6 inches) into the client's rectum
- B. Wear clean gloves before inserting the tubing
- C. Position the client on their left side
- D. Hold the solution bag 91 cm (36 inches) above the client's rectum
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Positioning the client on their left side is crucial when administering an enema as it helps facilitate the flow of the solution into the sigmoid and descending colon. This position allows gravity to assist in the process. Placing the client on the left side is a standard practice to promote optimal outcomes during the procedure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A provides a specific measurement for the insertion depth of the rectal tube, which is not typically necessary to include in the plan of action. Choice B is essential but not specific to enema administration. Choice D mentions holding the solution bag without specifying the correct height, which should typically be around 18-24 inches above the rectum for a cleansing enema.
3. What lifestyle change should be emphasized for a client with hypertension?
- A. Increase intake of dairy products
- B. Reduce caffeine and sodium intake
- C. Eat carbohydrate-rich meals
- D. Limit intake of leafy green vegetables
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct lifestyle change that should be emphasized for a client with hypertension is to reduce caffeine and sodium intake. Caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure, and high sodium intake is linked to increased blood pressure levels. Therefore, reducing these two components can help manage blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of dairy products, consuming carbohydrate-rich meals, and limiting intake of leafy green vegetables do not specifically address the factors that contribute to high blood pressure in hypertension.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) immunization to a child. Which is a contraindication for this vaccine?
- A. Recent blood transfusion
- B. Allergy to penicillin
- C. Minor acute illness
- D. Low-grade fever
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Recent blood transfusion. A recent blood transfusion can interfere with the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine, making it a contraindication. Choice B, allergy to penicillin, is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. Choice C, minor acute illness, is not a contraindication unless the child has a moderate to severe illness. Choice D, low-grade fever, is not a contraindication as long as the child does not have a moderate to severe febrile illness.
5. A nurse is assessing a 2-hour-old newborn for cold stress. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Respiratory rate of 60/min
- B. Jitteriness of the hands
- C. Diaphoresis
- D. Bounding peripheral pulses
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jitteriness of the hands. Jitteriness is a key sign of cold stress in a newborn, indicating the need for immediate warming measures. A respiratory rate of 60/min may not be directly indicative of cold stress. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) and bounding peripheral pulses are not typical findings associated with cold stress in newborns.
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