ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019
1. A client with osteoporosis is being discharged home. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Avoid weight-bearing exercises.
- B. Take calcium supplements with meals.
- C. Limit vitamin D intake.
- D. Increase intake of caffeine-containing beverages.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Taking calcium supplements with meals is a crucial instruction for a client with osteoporosis. Calcium absorption is enhanced when taken with food, and proper calcium intake is essential for managing osteoporosis effectively by promoting bone health and density. Avoiding weight-bearing exercises (Choice A) is incorrect because these exercises help improve bone strength. Limiting vitamin D intake (Choice C) is also incorrect as vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption. Increasing caffeine intake (Choice D) is not recommended as caffeine can interfere with calcium absorption.
2. A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?
- A. Limit sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day.
- B. Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
- C. Drink no more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
- D. Increase fluid intake to at least 3 liters per day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.' Regular exercise, especially aerobic activity, is known to help lower blood pressure and should be included in lifestyle changes for managing hypertension. Choice A is incorrect because the recommended sodium intake for individuals with hypertension is usually lower than 3,000 mg per day. Choice C is incorrect as it is advisable to limit alcohol intake to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Choice D is incorrect because increasing fluid intake to 3 liters per day may not be necessary and could be harmful in some cases, depending on the individual's health status.
3. The parents of a child hospitalized with asthma who is recovering and is being prepared for discharge are receiving home care instructions from the nurse. Which statement by a parent indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. Coughing spells may be triggered by dust or smoke
- B. Vomiting may occur when our child has coughing episodes
- C. We need to encourage our child to drink fluids
- D. We need to maintain droplet precautions and a quiet environment for at least 2 weeks
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement 'We need to maintain droplet precautions and a quiet environment for at least 2 weeks' indicates a need for further instruction. Asthma management does not typically require maintaining droplet precautions. The focus should be on environmental control, medication adherence, and monitoring symptoms rather than droplet precautions, which are more relevant for contagious respiratory infections.
4. What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to provide immunizations to all children. By offering vaccines to all children, the EPI aims to protect them from vaccine-preventable diseases, ultimately reducing the burden of these illnesses on public health. Increasing hospital bed capacity, eliminating non-communicable diseases, and training more healthcare workers are important goals in healthcare but are not the primary focus of the EPI.
5. A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin. What lab test should be monitored periodically to assess for adverse effects?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. Complete blood count
- C. Blood glucose levels
- D. Serum potassium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Liver function tests. Patients on atorvastatin should have their liver function tests monitored periodically to detect any potential liver damage. Atorvastatin, a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels, can rarely cause liver enzyme abnormalities, so regular monitoring is essential to identify any adverse effects early on. Monitoring the complete blood count (choice B), blood glucose levels (choice C), or serum potassium (choice D) is not typically required specifically for atorvastatin therapy. While these tests may be important for other conditions or medications, liver function tests are the most relevant for monitoring the adverse effects of atorvastatin.
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