HESI RN
Community Health HESI Quizlet
1. A client with a history of coronary artery disease is admitted with chest pain. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute.
- B. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
- C. Blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
- D. Chest pain radiating to the left arm.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Chest pain radiating to the left arm is a classic symptom of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) in individuals with coronary artery disease. This finding indicates that the heart muscle may not be receiving adequate oxygen, which requires immediate intervention to prevent further damage or complications. The other assessment findings (heart rate of 90 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg) are within normal limits and do not suggest an acute, life-threatening condition like myocardial infarction.
2. A client receiving chemotherapy reports severe nausea. What should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
- B. Offer the client small, frequent meals.
- C. Provide the client with crackers and water.
- D. Encourage the client to eat a bland diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer an antiemetic as prescribed. When a client receiving chemotherapy reports severe nausea, the priority action is to administer an antiemetic medication as prescribed. Antiemetics help alleviate nausea and prevent complications associated with chemotherapy, such as dehydration and malnutrition. Options B, C, and D focus on dietary interventions which can be helpful but addressing the severe nausea with antiemetic medication takes precedence to provide immediate relief and ensure the client's comfort and well-being.
3. After reinforcing information on treating a sprained ankle, what statement by the adolescent indicates to the practical nurse that further instruction is needed?
- A. Keep the leg elevated when sitting.
- B. Wrap the ankle in an elastic bandage for support.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the ankle for the first 24 hours.
- D. Put an ice pack on the ankle, alternating 30 minutes on and 30 minutes off.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Applying warm compresses to a sprained ankle within the first 24 hours is incorrect as it can increase swelling and inflammation. Instead, cold compresses are recommended to help reduce swelling and pain. Option A, keeping the leg elevated, helps in reducing swelling. Option B, wrapping the ankle in an elastic bandage, provides support. Option D, using an ice pack in intervals, is effective in reducing swelling and pain. Therefore, the statement about applying warm compresses indicates the need for further instruction.
4. What is the leading cause of maternal mortality?
- A. Pre-eclampsia
- B. Haemorrhage
- C. Sepsis
- D. Obstructed labour
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Haemorrhage. Haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality due to excessive bleeding during childbirth. While conditions like pre-eclampsia, sepsis, and obstructed labor can also be serious complications during pregnancy and childbirth, they are not the primary cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
5. When assessing a client with left-sided heart failure, which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed.
- B. Monitor the client's urine output.
- C. Administer a loop diuretic as prescribed.
- D. Administer morphine as prescribed.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen therapy is the initial intervention for a client with left-sided heart failure. This action is crucial in improving oxygen levels and reducing pulmonary congestion. Monitoring urine output is important for assessing renal function in heart failure, but it is not the priority over ensuring adequate oxygenation. Administering loop diuretics helps manage fluid overload but should come after addressing oxygen needs. Morphine may be indicated for pain or anxiety in some cases, but it is not the primary intervention for left-sided heart failure.