ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. What preoperative instruction should the LPN/LVN reinforce to a client scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy?
- A. You will need to be NPO after midnight before the surgery.
- B. You should avoid deep breathing and coughing after the surgery.
- C. You will be able to eat and drink normally after the procedure.
- D. You can take all of your prescribed medications the morning of surgery.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct preoperative instruction that the LPN/LVN should reinforce to a client scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy is being NPO after midnight before the surgery. This instruction is essential to prevent aspiration and ensure a safe procedure. Avoiding oral intake helps reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia induction and the surgical process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding deep breathing and coughing, resuming normal eating and drinking, and taking all prescribed medications the morning of surgery are not recommended preoperative instructions for a carotid endarterectomy.
2. A nurse provides medication instructions to a first-time mother. Which statement made by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?
- A. I should mix the medication in the baby food and give it when I feed the child
- B. I should administer the oral medication sitting in an upright position and with the head elevated
- C. I will give my child a toy after giving the medication
- D. I will offer my child a juice drink after swallowing the medication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mixing medication in baby food is not recommended as it can alter the taste and the child may refuse food.
3. A client undergoing radiation therapy is being taught about skin care by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use a heating pad to soothe the skin
- B. I will avoid using perfumed lotions on the treated area
- C. I will apply cold compresses to the area
- D. I will scrub the area daily with soap and water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding perfumed lotions is important to prevent skin irritation after radiation therapy. Using a heating pad (A) can further damage the skin, applying cold compresses (C) may not be recommended, and scrubbing the area daily with soap and water (D) can be too harsh on the skin, leading to further irritation and damage.
4. A client who is at risk for suicide following their partner’s death is speaking with a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. “I feel very sorry for the loneliness you must be experiencing.”
- B. “Suicide is not the appropriate way to cope with loss.”
- C. “Losing someone close to you must be very upsetting.”
- D. “I know how difficult it is to lose a loved one.”
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a client is at risk for suicide, it is crucial for the nurse to acknowledge the emotional impact of losing a loved one without downplaying or judging their feelings. Statement C demonstrates empathy and understanding without making assumptions or providing unsolicited advice, making it the most appropriate response in this situation. Choice A focuses more on the nurse's feelings rather than the client's, which might not effectively address the client's emotional state. Choice B is judgmental and dismissive, which could further isolate the client. Choice D, although empathetic, shifts the focus to the nurse's experience rather than validating the client's feelings.
5. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is most important to ensure client safety?
- A. Check the client's vital signs before starting the transfusion.
- B. Verify the client's identity and blood compatibility.
- C. Administer the blood with normal saline.
- D. Monitor the client for the first 15 minutes of the transfusion.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the client's identity and blood compatibility is the most critical step in ensuring client safety during a blood transfusion. This process helps prevent transfusion reactions by confirming that the correct blood product is being administered to the right patient.
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