Nursing Elites

1. A 9-year-old female client was recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which symptom will her parents most likely report?

• A. Refuses to eat her favorite meals at home.
• B. Drinks more soft drinks than previously.
• C. Voids only one or two times per day.
• D. Gained 10 pounds within one month.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Increased thirst and fluid intake, such as drinking more soft drinks than previously, is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus in children. This increased thirst is due to the body trying to eliminate excess sugar through urination, leading to dehydration and the need for more fluids. The other choices are less likely to be directly related to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in this scenario.

2. A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?

• A. Take the medication before bedtime.
• B. Report any weight gain of more than 2 pounds in a day.
• C. Increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
• D. Limit your fluid intake to less than 1 liter per day.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In heart failure, fluid retention is a concern. Furosemide helps manage this by promoting diuresis. Instructing the client to report weight gain exceeding 2 pounds in a day is crucial as it can indicate fluid accumulation, prompting timely intervention to prevent worsening heart failure symptoms and complications.

3. What nursing intervention can help alleviate pruritus in a client with cirrhosis?

• A. Administering antihistamines
• B. Providing a high-protein diet
• C. Applying emollients to the skin
• D. Encouraging frequent baths with hot water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Applying emollients to the skin can help alleviate pruritus in clients with cirrhosis. Emollients help soothe and moisturize the skin, reducing the discomfort associated with itching.

4. A client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is being discharged home. Which statement indicates the client understands the instructions about managing blood glucose levels?

• A. I will test my blood glucose level once a week.
• B. I should eat a snack if my blood glucose is 70 mg/dl.
• C. If I feel shaky, I should take another dose of insulin.
• D. It's okay to skip a meal if I'm not hungry.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer. Eating a snack when blood glucose is low (70 mg/dl) can help prevent hypoglycemia. It is important for clients with diabetes to manage their blood glucose levels to prevent complications, and consuming a snack when glucose levels drop can help maintain the balance.

5. While assessing a client with diabetes mellitus, the nurse observes an absence of hair growth on the client's legs. What additional assessment provides further data to support this finding?

• A. Palpate for the presence of femoral pulses bilaterally.
• B. Assess for the presence of a positive Homan's sign.
• C. Observe the appearance of the skin on the client's legs.
• D. Watch the client's posture and balance during ambulation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The absence of hair growth on the legs in a client with diabetes mellitus can be indicative of poor circulation due to compromised blood flow. Assessing the appearance of the skin on the client's legs is crucial as it can reveal additional signs of impaired circulation, such as changes in color, temperature, and the presence of ulcers or wounds. This information aids in the comprehensive evaluation of the client's vascular status and guides appropriate interventions to prevent potential complications.

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