ATI LPN
Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam
1. A client's health history is suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following would suggest Crohn disease, rather than ulcerative colitis, as the cause of the client's signs and symptoms?
- A. A pattern of distinct exacerbations and remissions
- B. Severe diarrhea
- C. An absence of blood in stool
- D. Involvement of the rectal mucosa
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the context of inflammatory bowel disease, the absence of blood in stool is more indicative of Crohn disease. Crohn disease typically presents with non-bloody stools, while ulcerative colitis often involves bloody stools due to continuous mucosal inflammation confined to the colon and rectum.
2. A nurse is assessing a male adolescent client who has heart failure. Based on the client’s chart, which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Withhold spironolactone
- B. Administer ferrous sulfate
- C. Administer furosemide
- D. Withhold digoxin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer furosemide. Furosemide is a diuretic commonly used in heart failure to manage fluid retention, helping alleviate symptoms like edema and shortness of breath. Withholding spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, could lead to electrolyte imbalances. Administering ferrous sulfate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia, not heart failure. Withholding digoxin, a medication used in heart failure to improve heart function, can worsen the client's condition.
3. For which of the following is informed consent required?
- A. Ordering a liquid diet for a post-surgical patient
- B. Listening to a patient reveal his or her private, personal secrets
- C. Giving a patient saline solution to relieve dry nasal passages
- D. Asking a patient to complete a questionnaire for a research study on hospital practices
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent is required when asking a patient to participate in a research study, as mentioned in choice D. Choices A, B, and C involve routine care measures that do not require specific informed consent. Ordering a liquid diet, providing saline solution for dry nasal passages, or listening to a patient's personal secrets are part of standard care and do not typically necessitate formal consent beyond general consent for treatment.
4. A newborn is small for gestational age (SGA). Which of the following findings is associated with this condition?
- A. Moist skin
- B. Protruding abdomen
- C. Gray umbilical cord
- D. Wide skull sutures
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Wide skull sutures are a common finding in newborns who are small for gestational age (SGA) due to reduced intrauterine growth. This occurs because the skull bones do not grow at the same rate as the brain, leading to wider sutures. Moist skin, a protruding abdomen, and a gray umbilical cord are not typically associated with being small for gestational age.
5. A client with a seizure disorder is under the care of a nurse. Which of the following precautions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Place a padded tongue depressor at the bedside.
- B. Keep the bed in the lowest position.
- C. Restrain the client during a seizure.
- D. Keep the lights dim in the client's room.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Keeping the bed in the lowest position is crucial for ensuring the safety of the client during a seizure. Lowering the bed reduces the risk of injury if the client falls during a seizure episode. It is important not to restrain the client during a seizure as it can lead to further injury. Placing a padded tongue depressor at the bedside is not appropriate and can pose a risk of injury if used incorrectly. Keeping the lights dim in the client's room is not directly related to safety during a seizure and is not a standard precaution.
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