which age group is most vulnerable to protein energy malnutrition pem

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ATI Proctored Community Health

1. Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

A. Infants below 6 months
B. Children aged 1-4 years
C. Adolescents
D. Elderly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Children aged 1-4 years are most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their rapid growth and development, increased nutritional requirements, and sometimes inadequate diets. This age group is particularly susceptible to malnutrition if they do not receive adequate protein and energy-rich foods to support their growth and development.

2. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for breastfeeding?

A. Maternal HIV infection
B. Maternal diabetes
C. Maternal anemia
D. Maternal hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Maternal HIV infection is a contraindication for breastfeeding because it poses a risk of transmission to the infant. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, putting the baby at risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers with HIV do not breastfeed to prevent the transmission of the virus to their infants.

3. Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?

A. Public health nurse
B. Rural health midwife
C. Municipal health officer
D. Any of these health professionals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to R.A. 3753, any birth attendant, including public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers, may sign the certificate of live birth. This law allows a range of health professionals involved in childbirth to be authorized to sign birth certificates, ensuring accessibility and convenience for parents.

4. Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?

A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
B. Proportionate mortality rate
C. Infant mortality rate
D. Swaroop’s index

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate statistic to reflect the nutritional status of a population is the 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This age group is highly susceptible to the effects of malnutrition, so a population with poor nutritional status is likely to have a high 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate, also known as child mortality rate.

5. What is the primary aim of the Family Planning Program?

A. To improve infant nutrition
B. To reduce maternal mortality
C. To prevent sexually transmitted infections
D. To provide couples with the information and means to control fertility

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary aim of the Family Planning Program is to provide couples with the information and resources necessary to control their fertility and make informed decisions about family planning. By offering education and access to contraceptives, the program empowers individuals to plan the timing and spacing of their pregnancies, contributing to their overall well-being and quality of life.