ATI LPN
ATI Proctored Community Health
1. What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. This means that infants should be fed only breast milk (no other liquids or solids) during this period to ensure optimal growth, development, and health benefits.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about using a cane with a client who has left-leg weakness. What instruction should the nurse give?
- A. Use the cane on the weaker side
- B. Advance the cane and the strong leg together
- C. Maintain two points of support on the floor at all times
- D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with left-leg weakness using a cane is to maintain two points of support on the floor at all times. This technique provides stability and support while walking. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be used on the stronger side to support the weaker leg. Choice B is incorrect as advancing the cane and the strong leg together may not provide adequate support and balance. Choice D is incorrect as the distance to advance the cane with each step can vary depending on the individual's needs and abilities.
3. The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and is assisting the client in completing the diet menu. Which beverage does the nurse instruct the client to select from the menu?
- A. Tea
- B. Cola
- C. Coffee
- D. Lemonade
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lemonade is the correct choice as it is caffeine-free, unlike tea, cola, and coffee, which contain caffeine that can potentially affect the client's heart rhythm. Caffeine can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which may not be advisable for a client with a recent MI. Tea, cola, and coffee should be avoided due to their caffeine content, which can have stimulant effects on the heart and may not be beneficial for a client recovering from a myocardial infarction.
4. A 35-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight loss, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. Laboratory tests reveal hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and low cortisol levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Cushing's syndrome
- B. Addison's disease
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Pheochromocytoma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a 35-year-old man with fatigue, weight loss, hyperpigmentation of the skin, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and low cortisol levels is classic for Addison's disease. These findings are consistent with primary adrenal insufficiency, where the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate cortisol. In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged, leading to decreased cortisol production and elevated levels of ACTH. This results in symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and hyperpigmentation due to increased ACTH production stimulating melanocytes. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte abnormalities seen in Addison's disease due to aldosterone deficiency. Therefore, the correct diagnosis in this case is Addison's disease.
5. A nurse is caring for a newborn diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Which of the following interventions should the nurse expect to implement?
- A. Withhold oral feedings
- B. Measure abdominal girth
- C. Position the newborn supine
- D. Apply cold compresses to the abdomen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Measuring abdominal girth is crucial in monitoring for signs of abdominal distension, which is a key indicator of worsening necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It helps in assessing the progression of the condition. Positioning the newborn supine, as in choice C, can help relieve pressure on the abdomen but does not directly monitor the condition. Applying cold compresses, as in choice D, is not recommended for NEC as it can constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen the condition. Withholding oral feedings, as in choice A, is also important to rest the bowel and prevent further complications, but measuring abdominal girth is more directly related to monitoring the progression of NEC.
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