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ATI Proctored Community Health
1. Which of the following diseases is targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Poliomyelitis
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Poliomyelitis is the correct answer as it is one of the diseases targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The EPI aims to control and eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases globally, with a specific focus on polio due to its severe consequences and the feasibility of eradication through vaccination campaigns.
2. A client with hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Hypertension
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hypotension, particularly following the initial dose or dosage escalation. This effect is due to the medication's mechanism of action in dilating blood vessels, which can result in lowered blood pressure. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting in clients taking enalapril. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because enalapril does not typically cause hypertension, tachycardia, or hyperglycemia as adverse effects.
3. What is the process of converting glycogen to glucose called?
- A. Glucogenesis.
- B. Glycogenolysis.
- C. Glyconeogenesis.
- D. Gluconeogenesis.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Glucogenesis (choice A) is not a term used in biochemistry. Glyconeogenesis (choice C) refers to the synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen. Gluconeogenesis (choice D) is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen.
4. When caring for a client suspected of having hyperemesis gravidarum, which finding is a manifestation of this condition?
- A. Hgb 12.2 g/dL
- B. Urine ketones present
- C. Alanine aminotransferase 20 IU/L
- D. Blood glucose 114 mg/dL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine ketones present. The presence of urine ketones indicates dehydration, which is a common manifestation of hyperemesis gravidarum. Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances due to dehydration. Monitoring for ketonuria helps assess the degree of dehydration in clients with this condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin level, alanine aminotransferase level, and blood glucose level are not specific manifestations of hyperemesis gravidarum. While these laboratory values may be abnormal in some cases, they are not typically used to diagnose or assess the condition.
5. A healthcare professional is assisting with the care for a client who is experiencing a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following findings is expected with this condition?
- A. No alteration in menses
- B. Transvaginal ultrasound indicating a fetus in the uterus
- C. Blood progesterone greater than the expected reference range
- D. Report of severe shoulder pain
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Severe shoulder pain is a common finding in clients with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy due to referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation caused by blood in the abdominal cavity. This pain is known as Kehr's sign and is often experienced in the shoulder due to irritation of the phrenic nerve. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy typically presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and signs of shock, rather than no alteration in menses, a fetus in the uterus, or elevated blood progesterone levels.
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