ATI LPN
LPN Pediatrics
1. You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old female who is sick. Your assessment reveals that she has increased work of breathing and is making a high-pitched sound during inhalation. Her mother tells you that she has been running a high fever for the past 24 hours. Your MOST immediate concern should be:
- A. determining if the child has a history of croup.
- B. preparing to treat her for a febrile seizure.
- C. assessing the need for ventilation assistance.
- D. taking her temperature to see how high it is.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a child with increased work of breathing, a high-pitched sound during inhalation, and a high fever, upper airway obstruction should be suspected. The child's condition may require immediate ventilation assistance to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Therefore, the most immediate concern in this scenario is to assess the need for ventilation assistance.
2. A patient with chronic pain is prescribed a fentanyl patch. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to provide?
- A. Apply the patch to a different site each time.
- B. Change the patch every 72 hours.
- C. Avoid using additional heating pads over the patch.
- D. Remove the patch before showering.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most important instruction for the nurse to provide to a patient prescribed a fentanyl patch is to change the patch every 72 hours. This ensures consistent pain control and prevents complications. It is crucial to rotate the application sites to prevent skin irritation or reactions. Using additional heating pads over the patch should be avoided as it can increase the absorption of the medication, leading to overdose or adverse effects. Removing the patch before showering is not necessary as long as the patch is securely in place.
3. Jaundice in children can be either pathological or physiological. Which of these will you consider as more serious?
- A. Jaundice seen within 24 hours of life
- B. Jaundice seen at the palms and soles
- C. Jaundice appearing after 24 hours of life
- D. Jaundice seen after 14 days of life
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Jaundice seen within 24 hours of life is considered more serious in children as it can indicate pathological causes such as hemolytic disease or sepsis, which require prompt evaluation and management to prevent complications. Jaundice appearing within 24 hours of life is concerning due to the higher likelihood of severe conditions, while jaundice seen at the palms and soles is more likely due to physiological causes such as breast milk jaundice. Jaundice appearing after 24 hours or after 14 days of life may still require evaluation but is less urgent compared to jaundice within the first 24 hours.
4. The healthcare provider is setting up the bedside unit for a client being admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The provider should place the highest priority on making sure that which is available at the bedside?
- A. Bedside commode
- B. Rolling shower chair
- C. Oxygen tubing and flowmeter
- D. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) machine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with coronary artery disease (CAD), ensuring the availability of oxygen and a flowmeter at the bedside is crucial. Oxygen is essential for adequate oxygenation, which helps prevent myocardial ischemia, a common complication in CAD. The other options, such as a bedside commode and rolling shower chair, are important for patient comfort and mobility but are not as critical as ensuring proper oxygen supply in a client with CAD. While having an ECG machine available is important for ongoing monitoring, ensuring oxygen availability takes precedence in this scenario.
5. Which of the following actions can a nurse safely take without risk of liability?
- A. Questioning a doctor's written orders for medication
- B. Permitting a volunteer to move a patient
- C. Using a blood pressure cuff that is sometimes sticking
- D. Asking a family member to deliver routine medication to a patient's room
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Questioning a doctor's written orders for medication. Under the doctrine of respondent superior, nurses can face liability risks for various actions. Permitting volunteers to move patients, using malfunctioning equipment, or tasking unqualified staff can pose liability risks. Questioning medication orders is a responsibility to ensure patient safety. It is crucial for nurses to clarify any doubts or raise concerns about medication orders to prevent potential harm to patients.
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