you are dispatched to a residence for a 4 year old female who is sick your assessment reveals that she has increased work of breathing and is making a

ATI LPN

LPN Pediatrics

1. You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old female who is sick. Your assessment reveals that she has increased work of breathing and is making a high-pitched sound during inhalation. Her mother tells you that she has been running a high fever for the past 24 hours. Your MOST immediate concern should be:

A. determining if the child has a history of croup.
B. preparing to treat her for a febrile seizure.
C. assessing the need for ventilation assistance.
D. taking her temperature to see how high it is.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a child with increased work of breathing, a high-pitched sound during inhalation, and a high fever, upper airway obstruction should be suspected. The child's condition may require immediate ventilation assistance to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Therefore, the most immediate concern in this scenario is to assess the need for ventilation assistance.

2. Which statement best describes direct contact as a mode of pathogen transmission?

A. Transmission through large aerosols produced by sneezing or coughing
B. Transfer of an infectious agent by suspended air particles from a reservoir to a host
C. Transmission of infectious agents carried by dust
D. Transmission through skin-to-skin contact or body fluids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Direct contact transmission occurs when pathogens are spread through skin-to-skin contact or body fluids. This mode of transmission includes activities like touching, kissing, or sexual contact where infectious agents can pass directly from one person to another. It does not involve large aerosols, suspended air particles, or dust as carriers of the pathogen.

3. Following delivery of a newborn and placenta, you note that the mother has moderate vaginal bleeding. The mother is conscious and alert, and her vital signs are stable. Treatment for her should include:

A. carefully packing the vagina with sterile dressings.
B. massaging the uterus if signs of shock develop.
C. treating her for shock and providing rapid transport.
D. administering oxygen and massaging the uterus.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Administering oxygen and massaging the uterus are appropriate interventions to manage postpartum bleeding. Oxygen helps support tissue perfusion, and uterine massage can aid in uterine contraction, controlling bleeding. These actions are indicated when the mother experiences moderate vaginal bleeding post-delivery, as described in the scenario. Careful monitoring for signs of shock should continue while these interventions are implemented to ensure the mother's condition remains stable. Choices A and B are incorrect because packing the vagina with sterile dressings is not recommended for postpartum bleeding unless it is severe and immediate action is needed, while massaging the uterus is a proactive approach and should not be delayed until signs of shock develop. Choice C is also incorrect as rapid transport is not the primary intervention in this scenario where the mother is conscious, alert, and stable, and the focus should be on immediate management of the bleeding.

4. Beta-adrenergic agonists such as Salbutamol are given to Reggie, a child with asthma. Such drugs are administered primarily to do which of the following?

A. Dilate the bronchioles
B. Reduce secondary infections
C. Decrease postnasal drip
D. Reduce airway inflammation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Beta-adrenergic agonists like Salbutamol are used to dilate the bronchioles in asthma patients. This action helps in relieving bronchospasms and improving airflow to the lungs, making breathing easier for the individual. While reducing inflammation is an essential part of asthma management, beta-adrenergic agonists primarily work by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, leading to bronchodilation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because beta-adrenergic agonists are not primarily used to reduce secondary infections, decrease postnasal drip, or directly reduce airway inflammation in asthma patients.

5. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct?

A. The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse.
B. The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult.
C. Airway obstruction is common in children due to their large uvula.
D. Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The occiput, the back part of the head, is proportionately larger in children compared to adults, which can have implications for airway management techniques. This anatomical difference is important to consider when providing care to pediatric patients, especially during airway interventions.