ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. What should the nurse do first when a client with a tracheostomy exhibits respiratory distress?
- A. Notify the provider
- B. Suction the tracheostomy
- C. Administer a bronchodilator
- D. Increase the oxygen flow rate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct initial action when a client with a tracheostomy exhibits respiratory distress is to suction the tracheostomy. This helps to clear secretions and improve the client's ability to breathe. Notifying the provider (choice A) can cause a delay in immediate intervention. Administering a bronchodilator (choice C) may be necessary but is not the priority in this situation. Increasing the oxygen flow rate (choice D) can be helpful but should come after addressing the immediate need for suctioning to clear the airway.
2. What are the key nursing interventions for a patient undergoing dialysis?
- A. Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin
- B. Monitor blood pressure and prevent clot formation
- C. Administer medications and monitor blood chemistry
- D. Provide dietary education and encourage protein intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor fluid balance and administer heparin. For a patient undergoing dialysis, it is crucial to monitor fluid balance to prevent fluid overload or depletion. Administering heparin helps prevent clot formation during the dialysis process. Option B is incorrect as while monitoring blood pressure is essential, preventing clot formation is more directly related to heparin administration. Option C is incorrect because administering medications and monitoring blood chemistry are not the primary interventions for dialysis. Option D is incorrect as while dietary education and protein intake are important for overall health, they are not the key nursing interventions specifically for a patient undergoing dialysis.
3. A client with HIV and neutropenia requires specific care from the nurse. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take while caring for this client?
- A. Wear an N95 respirator while caring for the client.
- B. Use a dedicated stethoscope for the client.
- C. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter to monitor urinary output.
- D. Monitor the client’s vital signs every 8 hours.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Using dedicated equipment for a neutropenic client, such as a stethoscope, helps prevent infections. Neutropenic clients have a weakened immune system, making them vulnerable to infections from common pathogens. Wearing an N95 respirator is not necessary unless airborne precautions are required. Inserting a urinary catheter should be avoided unless necessary to prevent introducing pathogens. Monitoring vital signs should be done more frequently, typically every 4 hours, to promptly identify any changes in the client's condition.
4. When educating the mother of a child with respiratory disease who needs a lot of fluids, the mother tells the nurse that when she offers her 24-month-old son juice, he always shakes his head and says, 'No'. The nurse suggests that the mother:
- A. Be firm and hand him the glass
- B. Distract him with some food
- C. Let him see that he is making her angry
- D. Offer him a choice of two things to drink
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Offering a choice can help the child feel more in control and willing to drink. By providing the child with options, the mother empowers him to make a decision, which can increase his willingness to drink fluids. This approach promotes a sense of autonomy and may lead to a more positive response from the child, ultimately contributing to better fluid intake, especially important for a child with a respiratory disease.
5. What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life. During this time, breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for the baby's growth and development, offering protection against infections and supporting optimal health outcomes. After 6 months, complementary foods can be introduced while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond.
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