ATI LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, and how should they be managed?
- A. Weight gain, moon face; administer corticosteroids
- B. Hirsutism and thin extremities; manage with diuretics
- C. Purple striae, muscle weakness; provide dietary counseling
- D. Hypertension and bruising; manage with fluid restriction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome are weight gain and a moon face. Corticosteroids are used to manage Cushing's syndrome by reducing the overproduction of cortisol. Choice B is incorrect because hirsutism and thin extremities are not typical signs of Cushing's syndrome. Choice C is incorrect as purple striae and muscle weakness are more characteristic of the syndrome. Choice D is also incorrect as hypertension and bruising are not primary signs of Cushing's syndrome.
2. Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
- A. Sertraline
- B. Diazepam
- C. Methylphenidate
- D. Clozapine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Methylphenidate is the correct answer. It is a stimulant medication commonly used to treat ADHD. Methylphenidate works by increasing the activity of certain chemicals in the brain that are involved in attention and impulse control. Sertraline is an antidepressant used for depression, anxiety, and other conditions, not ADHD. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine mainly prescribed for anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures, not ADHD. Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication used for schizophrenia when other medications are ineffective, not for ADHD.
3. A healthcare provider is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who has a latex allergy. Which of the following medications should the healthcare provider identify as a potential risk for an allergic reaction?
- A. Cefoxitin
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Erythromycin
- D. Metronidazole
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Cefoxitin. Cefoxitin can contain latex in the stopper of the vial, which may pose a risk for allergic reaction in individuals with latex sensitivity. Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, and Metronidazole do not typically contain latex components in their formulations. Healthcare providers should be vigilant in identifying and avoiding medications with latex components to prevent adverse reactions in patients with known latex allergies.
4. What is a primary function of macronutrients in the body?
- A. Regulate metabolic processes.
- B. Supply energy.
- C. Maintain homeostasis.
- D. Control cellular activity.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supply energy. The primary function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is to supply energy for various bodily functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while regulating metabolic processes, maintaining homeostasis, and controlling cellular activity are essential functions in the body, they are not the primary roles of macronutrients. Macronutrients mainly serve as a source of energy to support daily activities and bodily functions.
5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about home care for conjunctivitis with the parent of a school-age child. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Use a separate washcloth for the child
- B. Apply cold compresses to the eyes
- C. Apply warm compresses to the eyes
- D. Keep the child home until symptoms have resolved
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to use a separate washcloth for the child. This is important to prevent the spread of infection when a child has conjunctivitis. Using the same washcloth can lead to cross-contamination and further spread of the condition. Applying cold or warm compresses may provide comfort but do not address the prevention of spreading the infection. Keeping the child home until symptoms have resolved may be necessary, but the primary focus should be on preventing the spread of the infection within the household.
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