Nursing Elites

1. From where are trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted?

• A. Small intestine.
• B. Liver.
• C. Stomach.
• D. Pancreas.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes involved in protein digestion. These enzymes are secreted by the pancreas, not the small intestine, liver, or stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in producing digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down proteins in the small intestine. The small intestine is the site where these enzymes act, not where they are secreted. The liver is responsible for producing bile, not digestive enzymes. The stomach secretes gastric juices but not trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, the correct answer is the pancreas.

2. Individual nutrients are characterized by their ability to:

• A. work independently.
• B. fulfill specific metabolic roles.
• C. influence weight loss.
• D. improve mental status.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'fulfill specific metabolic roles.' Nutrients play essential roles in specific metabolic processes in the body such as energy production, tissue repair, and growth. Choice A, 'work independently,' is incorrect as nutrients often work synergistically rather than alone. Choice C, 'influence weight loss,' is incorrect as while some nutrients may support weight loss indirectly through metabolic processes, it is not their primary characteristic. Choice D, 'improve mental status,' is also incorrect as while some nutrients are important for brain health, their primary role is not specifically to improve mental status.

3. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the:

• A. duodenum.
• B. stomach.
• C. pancreas.
• D. liver.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the duodenum, not the stomach, pancreas, or liver. It is released in response to the presence of food in the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in regulating digestive processes by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is the duodenum (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is not produced in the stomach, pancreas, or liver.

4. Where does the major portion of the chemical digestion of lipids occur?

• A. Mouth.
• B. Stomach.
• C. Small intestine.
• D. Large intestine.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic lipase are active. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the mouth and stomach play minor roles in lipid digestion, and the large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residues.

5. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat recommends that the percentage of total kcalories from fat should fall between:

• A. 10% and 20%.
• B. 20% and 25%.
• C. 20% and 35%.
• D. 30% and 45%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that 20% to 35% of total kcalories should come from fat. This range is recommended to maintain good health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the specified range. A lower percentage (10-20%) may not provide enough essential fatty acids, while a higher percentage (30-45%) may increase the risk of health issues associated with excessive fat consumption.

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