Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme is produced by the parotid gland?

• A. Salivary amylase
• B. Sucrase
• C. Maltase
• D. Lactase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the parotid gland that initiates starch digestion in the mouth. It helps break down starch into maltose, a simpler sugar. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrase, maltase, and lactase are enzymes involved in the digestion of disaccharides like sucrose, maltose, and lactose, respectively, in the small intestine, not in the saliva.

2. Which of the following is one of the simplest amino acids?

• A. Arginine
• B. Valine
• C. Lysine
• D. Glycine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Glycine. Glycine is indeed one of the simplest amino acids as it consists of just a hydrogen atom as its side chain. Arginine, Valine, and Lysine are all more complex amino acids compared to Glycine, making them incorrect choices for this question.

3. Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:

• A. fatty acids.
• B. disaccharides.
• C. amino acids.
• D. polypeptides.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: amino acids. Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into amino acids before being absorbed in the small intestine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are the form in which they are primarily absorbed. Choice A (fatty acids) is incorrect as fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion, not protein digestion. Choice B (disaccharides) is incorrect because disaccharides are sugars that are broken down into monosaccharides, not proteins. Choice D (polypeptides) is incorrect as proteins are broken down into amino acids and not absorbed as polypeptides.

4. What are the actions involved in the process of digestion?

• A. thermal and chemical.
• B. chemical and segmental.
• C. muscular and chemical.
• D. mechanical and thermal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'muscular and chemical.' In the process of digestion, muscular movements help in mixing and propelling food along the digestive tract, while chemical breakdowns involving enzymes and acids break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as thermal, segmental, and mechanical actions are not the primary actions involved in the digestion process.

5. What is one function of essential fatty acids?

• A. improve skin integrity.
• B. control lipid digestion.
• C. reduce blood clotting time.
• D. form chylomicrons.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Essential fatty acids play a crucial role in improving skin integrity by supporting the structure and function of cell membranes. This helps in maintaining healthy skin and promoting overall well-being. The other choices are incorrect because essential fatty acids do not directly control lipid digestion, reduce blood clotting time, or form chylomicrons.

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