Nursing Elites

1. Which types of acids form the basic building blocks of protein?

• A. fatty
• B. amino
• C. nucleic
• D. omega fatty

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: amino.' Amino acids are the fundamental units that make up proteins. They are essential for various bodily functions, including building and repairing tissues. Choice A, 'fatty acids,' are not the basic building blocks of proteins but rather a type of lipid. Choice C, 'nucleic acids,' are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Choice D, 'omega fatty acids,' are a specific type of fatty acid known for their health benefits but are not directly related to the building blocks of proteins.

2. Which body organ is responsible for the metabolic processing of glucose?

• A. Large intestine.
• B. Gallbladder.
• C. Pancreas.
• D. Liver.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver plays a central role in glucose homeostasis by metabolically processing glucose. The large intestine is primarily involved in absorbing water and electrolytes, not glucose. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver but is not directly involved in glucose metabolism. Although the pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, the liver is mainly responsible for the metabolic processing of glucose.

3. What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) represent?

• A. a replacement for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).
• B. a safe level of intake for people of all ages.
• C. a potentially toxic level of intake of a nutrient.
• D. the highest amount of a nutrient that can be safely consumed.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) represents the highest amount of a nutrient that can be safely consumed without causing adverse health effects. It is not a replacement for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) (choice A) which are nutrient intake recommendations. While the UL is established to prevent toxicity, it is not a completely safe level for people of all ages (choice B). It is also not a potentially toxic level of intake of a nutrient (choice C), but rather the level that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

4. What role do the amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play?

• A. Forming neurotransmitters.
• B. Blocking excess protein breakdown.
• C. Increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
• D. Decreasing energy expenditure.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.

5. An important characteristic of amino acids is that they can:

• A. act as buffers.
• B. facilitate glucose storage.
• C. regulate heartbeat.
• D. control the level of blood cholesterol.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: act as buffers. Amino acids can act as buffers by helping to maintain the pH balance in the body. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids do not primarily facilitate glucose storage. Choice C is incorrect as amino acids do not regulate the heartbeat. Choice D is also incorrect because amino acids do not control the level of blood cholesterol.

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