ATI LPN
Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI
1. The release of gastric secretions is stimulated by nerve and hormonal stimuli and the:
- A. ingestion of water.
- B. swallowing reflex.
- C. presence of food in the stomach.
- D. closing of the pyloric sphincter.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'presence of food in the stomach.' Gastric secretions are stimulated when food enters the stomach, triggering nerve and hormonal responses. This process prepares the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because ingesting water, swallowing reflex, and the closing of the pyloric sphincter do not directly stimulate the release of gastric secretions.
2. Signs of malnutrition can appear when:
- A. nutrient reserves are depleted.
- B. nutrient intake exceeds daily needs.
- C. energy intake is restricted.
- D. caloric expenditure increases.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'nutrient reserves are depleted.' Signs of malnutrition manifest when the body's reserves of essential nutrients are exhausted and can no longer sustain health. Choice B is incorrect because excessive nutrient intake exceeding daily needs does not lead to malnutrition but may cause other health issues. Choice C is incorrect as restricting energy intake may lead to weight loss but not necessarily malnutrition. Choice D is also incorrect as increasing caloric expenditure does not directly cause malnutrition.
3. What is the process of converting glycogen to glucose called?
- A. Glucogenesis.
- B. Glycogenolysis.
- C. Glyconeogenesis.
- D. Gluconeogenesis.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Glucogenesis (choice A) is not a term used in biochemistry. Glyconeogenesis (choice C) refers to the synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen. Gluconeogenesis (choice D) is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen.
4. Which of the following are macronutrients?
- A. Minerals.
- B. Proteins.
- C. Vitamins.
- D. Enzymes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and fats. Macronutrients are nutrients that provide energy and are required in large amounts by the body. Minerals and vitamins are considered micronutrients, as they are needed in smaller quantities. Enzymes, on the other hand, are not nutrients but rather biological molecules that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
5. Why is fat important in the diet?
- A. It supplies a constant source of vitamins.
- B. It speeds up the digestive process.
- C. It provides satiety.
- D. It stimulates the release of important digestive enzymes.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fat is important in the diet because it provides satiety. Fat slows down digestion and absorption, which helps in making you feel full longer. This feeling of fullness is crucial in controlling food intake and managing weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fat's main role in providing satiety is related to slowing down digestion, not supplying a constant source of vitamins, speeding up digestion, or stimulating the release of digestive enzymes. While some types of fats can provide certain vitamins, the main purpose of fat in satiety is not vitamin supply.
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