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Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. In which health problem is protein catabolism increased?
- A. severe burns
- B. severe obesity
- C. hypothyroidism
- D. food allergies
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Protein catabolism increases in conditions like severe burns because the body breaks down muscle protein to provide energy for healing. Severe obesity does not necessarily increase protein catabolism; instead, it is more related to excessive fat accumulation. Hypothyroidism may lead to a decrease in metabolic rate but does not directly increase protein catabolism. Food allergies trigger an immune response to specific foods but do not directly impact protein catabolism.
2. What are probiotics?
- A. Indigestible carbohydrates that promote growth of health-promoting bacteria.
- B. Antibiotics that prevent growth of harmful bacteria.
- C. Nutritional supplements of health-promoting bacteria.
- D. Commercial fiber supplements that have a laxative effect.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for gut health and are often taken as supplements. They are not indigestible carbohydrates (Choice A), antibiotics (Choice B), or commercial fiber supplements (Choice D). Probiotics contain live strains of good bacteria that help maintain a healthy balance in the gut microbiome.
3. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?
- A. Vitamins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Enzymes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.
4. Which component of fat can be used to make glucose through gluconeogenesis?
- A. Glycogen
- B. Fatty acids
- C. Glycerol
- D. Monoglyceride
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Glycerol.' Glycerol, a component of fat, can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (Choice A) is a polysaccharide stored in animals, not a component of fat. Fatty acids (Choice B) are used primarily for energy production through beta-oxidation, not for gluconeogenesis. Monoglyceride (Choice D) is a molecule formed during fat digestion, but it is not the component of fat that can be used to make glucose.
5. A characteristic of saturated fats is that they are:
- A. mostly found in animal products.
- B. solid at room temperature.
- C. composed of many double bonds.
- D. found primarily in vegetable products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'mostly found in animal products.' Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. They are typically solid at room temperature. Choice B is incorrect because saturated fats are solid at room temperature, not liquid. Choice C is incorrect because saturated fats do not have double bonds; they have single bonds between carbon atoms. Choice D is incorrect because saturated fats are mainly found in animal products, not vegetable products.
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