Nursing Elites

1. How many different amino acids make up human proteins?

• A. 9
• B. 13
• C. 15
• D. 20

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 20. There are 20 different amino acids that combine to form proteins in the human body. Each amino acid has a unique side chain that determines its properties. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the total number of different amino acids found in human proteins.

2. Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:

• A. insulin.
• B. lipoprotein.
• C. antibodies.
• D. albumin.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inadequate protein intake can lead to a decrease in antibody production, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Insulin (Choice A) is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not related to protein intake. Lipoprotein (Choice B) is a type of lipid-protein complex involved in lipid transport, not directly related to antibody production. Albumin (Choice D) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure and carries various substances in the blood, but it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections like antibodies.

3. The rate of gastric emptying depends on the:

• A. time of day food is consumed.
• B. composition of food consumed.
• C. rate of food consumption.
• D. frequency of eating.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The rate at which the stomach empties its contents is primarily determined by the composition of the food consumed. Foods high in fat and protein tend to slow down gastric emptying, while foods high in carbohydrates usually pass through more quickly. Therefore, the composition of food consumed directly impacts the rate of gastric emptying. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly affect the rate of gastric emptying.

4. Which observation provides evidence that a person has good nutritional status?

• A. Small muscle mass.
• B. Normal weight-to-height ratio.
• C. Smooth tongue.
• D. Fragile skin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A normal weight-to-height ratio is a reliable indicator of good nutritional status as it suggests that the person is well-nourished and not underweight or overweight. Small muscle mass (choice A) can indicate malnutrition, a smooth tongue (choice C) can be a sign of vitamin deficiencies, and fragile skin (choice D) can be a sign of poor nutrition or other health issues, but they are not as direct indicators of good nutritional status as a normal weight-to-height ratio.

5. Where is Vitamin B12 found?

• A. Whole grains.
• B. Nuts.
• C. Meats.
• D. Legumes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods like meats. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as whole grains, nuts, and legumes do not naturally contain significant amounts of Vitamin B12. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Meats.'

Similar Questions