the mineral that helps control enzyme actions in cell mitochondria that produce and store high energy compounds is

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. The mineral that helps control enzyme actions in cell mitochondria that produce and store high-energy compounds is:

A. iron.
B. cobalt.
C. hemoglobin.
D. vitamin B12.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is iron. Iron is essential for enzyme function and energy production within the mitochondria. While cobalt is important for certain enzymes, it is not the primary mineral involved in this specific function. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, not a mineral involved in enzyme actions. Vitamin B12 is crucial for nerve function and DNA synthesis but is not directly related to controlling enzyme actions in mitochondria.

2. One characteristic of an essential fatty acid is that it:

A. comes from a plant source.
B. comes from an animal source.
C. is not manufactured by the body.
D. is manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body and must be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from plant sources as well. Choice B is incorrect as essential fatty acids are primarily derived from plant sources. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by the body. Therefore, the only accurate statement is that essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body.

3. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by a food containing 30 grams of carbohydrate?

A. 90
B. 120
C. 180
D. 270

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 120. Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, so 30 grams of carbohydrates will provide 120 kcal. This is calculated by multiplying the grams of carbohydrate (30) by the kcal per gram (4). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the energy content of carbohydrates.

4. Which of the following sugars tastes the sweetest?

A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose
D. Fructose

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fructose is known to be the sweetest among naturally occurring sugars. While glucose, sucrose, and galactose also have sweet tastes, fructose is commonly perceived as the sweetest due to its higher level of sweetness. Glucose is a simple sugar found in many carbohydrates; sucrose is table sugar composed of glucose and fructose; galactose is a component of lactose found in dairy products. However, when comparing the sweetness levels of these sugars, fructose stands out as the sweetest.

5. What is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action known as?

A. gastric nerve plexus
B. biliary nerve plexus
C. intramural nerve plexus
D. intestinal nerve plexus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, intramural nerve plexus. The intramural nerve plexus is the interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action. The gastric nerve plexus (choice A) specifically pertains to the network of nerves in the stomach, not the entire gastrointestinal wall. The biliary nerve plexus (choice B) is associated with nerve supply in the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, not the gastrointestinal wall. The intestinal nerve plexus (choice D) is a general term that may refer to various nerve networks within the intestines but does not specifically address the entire gastrointestinal wall.