Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

• A. They can come from both animal and plant sources.
• B. They are not manufactured by the body.
• C. They are not manufactured by the body.
• D. They are manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from both animal and plant sources, not just from an animal source. Choice C is the correct characteristic of essential fatty acids. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids are not produced by the body.

2. The release of gastric secretions is stimulated by nerve and hormonal stimuli and the:

• A. ingestion of water.
• B. swallowing reflex.
• C. presence of food in the stomach.
• D. closing of the pyloric sphincter.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'presence of food in the stomach.' Gastric secretions are stimulated when food enters the stomach, triggering nerve and hormonal responses. This process prepares the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because ingesting water, swallowing reflex, and the closing of the pyloric sphincter do not directly stimulate the release of gastric secretions.

3. The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from self-digestion by:

• A. pepsinogen.
• B. bile.
• C. mucus.
• D. fat.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mucus. Mucus forms a protective barrier that prevents the stomach and intestine from digesting themselves. Pepsinogen (choice A) is an inactive form of pepsin, a digestive enzyme, and does not protect the stomach lining. Bile (choice B) aids in the digestion and absorption of fats but does not protect the stomach lining. Fat (choice D) is a nutrient and energy source; it does not play a role in protecting the stomach and intestine from self-digestion.

4. What is one function of essential fatty acids?

• A. improve skin integrity.
• B. control lipid digestion.
• C. reduce blood clotting time.
• D. form chylomicrons.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Essential fatty acids play a crucial role in improving skin integrity by supporting the structure and function of cell membranes. This helps in maintaining healthy skin and promoting overall well-being. The other choices are incorrect because essential fatty acids do not directly control lipid digestion, reduce blood clotting time, or form chylomicrons.

5. Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?

• A. mouth
• B. stomach
• C. pancreas
• D. duodenum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.

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