Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following provides the best source of nutrients?

• A. specific food combinations.
• B. a variety of foods.
• C. individual foods.
• D. a variety of food supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A variety of foods is the best source of nutrients because it ensures a balanced intake of all essential nutrients required by the body. Option A, specific food combinations, may not provide all necessary nutrients as relying on only a few types of food may lead to deficiencies. Option C, individual foods, also may not provide a complete range of nutrients necessary for overall health. Option D, a variety of food supplements, is not the best source of nutrients as whole foods are generally more beneficial due to their natural nutrient composition and bioavailability.

2. Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?

• A. mouth
• B. stomach
• C. pancreas
• D. duodenum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.

3. What are dextrins?

• A. Polysaccharides.
• B. End products of starch digestion.
• C. Formed in the liver.
• D. Rapidly excreted.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dextrins are a type of polysaccharides formed during the breakdown of starch. Choice A is correct because dextrins are indeed polysaccharides, not the end products of starch digestion (Choice B). They are not formed in the liver (Choice C) nor rapidly excreted (Choice D).

4. The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as:

• A. physiology
• B. digestion
• C. metabolism
• D. nutrition

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the correct answer as it refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur within living cells to maintain life and health. Physiology (Choice A) is the study of how living organisms function but does not specifically refer to cellular chemical processes. Digestion (Choice B) is the process of breaking down food in the body, not the overall cellular processes. Nutrition (Choice D) is the process of obtaining and consuming food necessary for health and growth, but it does not encompass all cellular processes related to sustaining life and health.

5. Two amino acids are chemically joined by a:

• A. double bond.
• B. hydrogen bond.
• C. carboxyl bond.
• D. peptide bond.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, peptide bond. A peptide bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. This bond is crucial in protein synthesis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A double bond involves sharing two pairs of electrons, a hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, and a carboxyl bond is not a common term in biochemistry.

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