Nursing Elites

1. Proteins from plant sources such as grains, nuts, and legumes are classified as:

• A. incomplete.
• B. complete.
• C. indispensable.
• D. dispensable.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'incomplete.' Proteins from plant sources like grains, nuts, and legumes are considered incomplete because they often lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Choice B, 'complete,' is incorrect because complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts. Choice C, 'indispensable,' is incorrect as it refers to essential amino acids rather than the classification of plant proteins. Choice D, 'dispensable,' is also incorrect as it implies that these proteins are not necessary, which is not the case.

2. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by a food containing 30 grams of carbohydrate?

• A. 90
• B. 120
• C. 180
• D. 270

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 120. Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, so 30 grams of carbohydrates will provide 120 kcal. This is calculated by multiplying the grams of carbohydrate (30) by the kcal per gram (4). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the energy content of carbohydrates.

3. Which of the following are considered micronutrients?

• A. Fats.
• B. Proteins.
• C. Vitamins.
• D. Carbohydrates.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Micronutrients are essential nutrients needed by the body in small quantities to support various bodily functions. Vitamins fall under this category as they play crucial roles in metabolism, immune function, and overall health. While fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and growth, they are not classified as micronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

4. What is a primary function of macronutrients in the body?

• A. Regulate metabolic processes.
• B. Supply energy.
• C. Maintain homeostasis.
• D. Control cellular activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supply energy. The primary function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is to supply energy for various bodily functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while regulating metabolic processes, maintaining homeostasis, and controlling cellular activity are essential functions in the body, they are not the primary roles of macronutrients. Macronutrients mainly serve as a source of energy to support daily activities and bodily functions.

5. After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the resulting semifluid mass is called:

• A. a bolus.
• B. chyme.
• C. rennin.
• D. glycogen.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: chyme. Chyme is the partially digested food that forms a semifluid mass after mixing with gastric juices. A is incorrect because a bolus refers to a rounded mass of food ready to be swallowed. C, rennin, is an enzyme involved in the digestion of milk proteins and not the term for the semifluid mass after food mixing with gastric secretions. D, glycogen, is a form of stored glucose in the body and is not the term used to describe the partially digested food mass in the stomach.

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