Nursing Elites

1. Plasma lipoproteins contain varying amounts of:

• A. ascorbic acid.
• B. triglycerides.
• C. lecithin.
• D. glucose.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: triglycerides. Plasma lipoproteins, such as LDL and HDL, contain triglycerides, cholesterol, and other fats. Ascorbic acid (choice A) is not typically found in plasma lipoproteins; it is a form of vitamin C. Lecithin (choice C) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes but is not a major component of plasma lipoproteins. Glucose (choice D) is a type of sugar and is not a primary component of plasma lipoproteins.

2. It has been generally accepted that the percentage of total daily calories supplied by fats should be no more than:

• A. 10% to 15%.
• B. 10% to 35%.
• C. 20% to 35%.
• D. 40% to 55%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended fat intake is between 20% to 35% of total daily calories. This range is considered optimal for maintaining a healthy diet. Choice A (10% to 15%) is too low and might not provide enough essential fats for the body. Choice B (10% to 35%) includes an upper limit that exceeds the generally accepted range. Choice D (40% to 55%) suggests a fat intake that is higher than what is recommended, which could lead to health issues if consumed regularly.

3. The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as:

• A. physiology
• B. digestion
• C. metabolism
• D. nutrition

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the correct answer as it refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur within living cells to maintain life and health. Physiology (Choice A) is the study of how living organisms function but does not specifically refer to cellular chemical processes. Digestion (Choice B) is the process of breaking down food in the body, not the overall cellular processes. Nutrition (Choice D) is the process of obtaining and consuming food necessary for health and growth, but it does not encompass all cellular processes related to sustaining life and health.

4. Which of the following are macronutrients?

• A. Minerals.
• B. Proteins.
• C. Vitamins.
• D. Enzymes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and fats. Macronutrients are nutrients that provide energy and are required in large amounts by the body. Minerals and vitamins are considered micronutrients, as they are needed in smaller quantities. Enzymes, on the other hand, are not nutrients but rather biological molecules that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

5. Which body organ is responsible for the metabolic processing of glucose?

• A. Large intestine.
• B. Gallbladder.
• C. Pancreas.
• D. Liver.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver plays a central role in glucose homeostasis by metabolically processing glucose. The large intestine is primarily involved in absorbing water and electrolytes, not glucose. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver but is not directly involved in glucose metabolism. Although the pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, the liver is mainly responsible for the metabolic processing of glucose.

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