Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are considered micronutrients?

• A. Fats.
• B. Proteins.
• C. Vitamins.
• D. Carbohydrates.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Micronutrients are essential nutrients needed by the body in small quantities to support various bodily functions. Vitamins fall under this category as they play crucial roles in metabolism, immune function, and overall health. While fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and growth, they are not classified as micronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

2. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the:

• A. duodenum.
• B. stomach.
• C. pancreas.
• D. liver.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the duodenum, not the stomach, pancreas, or liver. It is released in response to the presence of food in the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in regulating digestive processes by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is the duodenum (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is not produced in the stomach, pancreas, or liver.

3. A high blood cholesterol level appears to be associated with the development of:

• A. chronic kidney disease.
• B. coronary heart disease.
• C. Alzheimer’s disease.
• D. Addison’s disease.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A high blood cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as high blood cholesterol is not primarily linked to chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or Addison’s disease.

4. Individual nutrients are characterized by their ability to:

• A. work independently.
• B. fulfill specific metabolic roles.
• C. influence weight loss.
• D. improve mental status.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'fulfill specific metabolic roles.' Nutrients play essential roles in specific metabolic processes in the body such as energy production, tissue repair, and growth. Choice A, 'work independently,' is incorrect as nutrients often work synergistically rather than alone. Choice C, 'influence weight loss,' is incorrect as while some nutrients may support weight loss indirectly through metabolic processes, it is not their primary characteristic. Choice D, 'improve mental status,' is also incorrect as while some nutrients are important for brain health, their primary role is not specifically to improve mental status.

5. Which component of fat can be used to make glucose through gluconeogenesis?

• A. Glycogen
• B. Fatty acids
• C. Glycerol
• D. Monoglyceride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Glycerol.' Glycerol, a component of fat, can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (Choice A) is a polysaccharide stored in animals, not a component of fat. Fatty acids (Choice B) are used primarily for energy production through beta-oxidation, not for gluconeogenesis. Monoglyceride (Choice D) is a molecule formed during fat digestion, but it is not the component of fat that can be used to make glucose.

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