in the colon resistant starch is digested by

ATI LPN

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

1. How is resistant starch digested in the colon?

A. bacterial fermentation.
B. pancreatic amylase.
C. hydrochloric acid.
D. villi and microvilli.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the colon, resistant starch is digested by bacterial fermentation. The correct answer is A. During this process, short-chain fatty acids are produced. Pancreatic amylase, as mentioned in choice B, is responsible for breaking down starch in the small intestine, not in the colon. Choice C, hydrochloric acid, functions in the stomach to aid in the digestion of proteins, not starch. Villi and microvilli, as stated in choice D, are structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients; they do not participate in the digestion of resistant starch in the colon.

2. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:

A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
B. 3 oz fish.
C. 2 oz cheese.
D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.

3. What role do the amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play?

A. Forming neurotransmitters.
B. Blocking excess protein breakdown.
C. Increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
D. Decreasing energy expenditure.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.

4. Which gastric enzyme present in infants coagulates milk?

A. Casein.
B. Pepsinogen.
C. Trypsin.
D. Rennin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, rennin. Rennin is the enzyme in infants responsible for coagulating milk, which aids in the digestion process. Choice A, casein, is a milk protein and not an enzyme. Choices B and C, pepsinogen and trypsin, are digestive enzymes but are not specifically involved in coagulating milk in infants.

5. The function of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is to designate nutrient recommendations for:

A. different ethnic groups.
B. all individuals.
C. most people.
D. most healthy people.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are established to provide nutrient recommendations for most healthy people. They are not specific to different ethnic groups (choice A), all individuals (choice B), or most people (choice C). DRIs aim to prevent nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases in healthy individuals by setting intake levels for various nutrients.